Paper 1 Revision vid prt 2

• The TCP/IP protocol suite has more than two protocols, it is a whole stack of protocols each operating in different layers
• Ethernet


  A family of standardized protocols that operate in the link layer to format data and transmit it on the same network segment using twisted pair cables
• Frames


  The term used for data packets in link layer protocols like Ethernet
• Wi-Fi


  A standardized family of wireless local area network protocols that use radio waves in a specific frequency band to communicate
• Channels


  Small frequency ranges within the Wi-Fi frequency band that devices use to avoid interference
• WPA/WPA2


  Protocols in the Wi-Fi family that provide encryption for data transmitted over wireless networks
• Wi-Fi


  • Allows remote/mobile connectivity
  • Cheap and easy to set up
  • Easy to expand network
  • Susceptible to interference
  • Limited range and easily blocked
  • Less stable and reliable than wired connections
  • Generally slower and more vulnerable to hacking than wired connections
• Wired connections


  • Generally more stable and reliable than Wi-Fi
  • Slightly better in terms of latency and speed than Wi-Fi
• Protocol


  Accepted rules of communication so devices can be compatible and communicate reliably
• Protocols


  • Sets of rules for communication and enabling devices to communicate reliably
  • Standardized playing field where all devices agree to the same rules to communicate with any device worldwide
• Layers


  Levels of abstraction where each layer is responsible for different parts of the communication process
• Layers in TCP/IP protocol suite

  • Application layer
  • Transport layer
  • Network layer
  • Link layer
• Layers


  • Modular and distinct, allowing for independent operation and development
  • Manageable self-contained parts, each with a very specific role
  • Abstraction from the lowest level of hardware to the highest level of application
• Developing a new protocol

  Needs to work with the above and below layers to be usable
• Changing one layer in a protocol stack won't affect the others as long as the input/output format remains the same</b>
• The application layer is where web browsers, email clients etc. operate, furthest from the actual data transfers
• The transport layer sets up communication between hosts and deals with aspects like package size
• The network layer is where packets are addressed and sent on their way
• The link layer is where the actual hardware and drivers operate, the lowest level of abstraction
• Data passes fluidly through the layers, with each layer doing its part in the communication process
• The TCP/IP protocol suite has more than two protocols, it is a whole stack of protocols each operating in different layers
• Ethernet


  A family of standardized protocols that operate in the link layer to format data and transmit it on the same network segment using twisted pair cables
• Frames


  The term used for data packets in link layer protocols like Ethernet
• Wi-Fi


  A standardized family of wireless local area network protocols that use radio waves in a specific frequency band to communicate
• Channels


  Small frequency ranges within the Wi-Fi frequency band that devices use to avoid interference
• WPA/WPA2


  Protocols in the Wi-Fi family that provide encryption for data transmitted over wireless networks
• Wi-Fi


  • Allows remote/mobile connectivity
  • Cheap and easy to set up
  • Easy to expand network
  • Susceptible to interference
  • Limited range and easily blocked
  • Less stable and reliable than wired connections
  • Generally slower and more vulnerable to hacking than wired connections
• Wired connections


  • Generally more stable and reliable than Wi-Fi
  • Slightly better in terms of latency and speed than Wi-Fi