Axial Skeletal

• What does the axial skeleton consist of?

  • Skull
  • Spine
  • ribcage
  • sacrum
• How many bones are in the skull?

  22 bones
• How many bones form the cranium?

  8
• What are the eight bones that make up the cranium?

  1. Frontal
  2. Occipital
  3. Right Parietal
  4. Left Parietal
  5. Right temporal
  6. left temporal
  7. Sphenoid
  8. Ethmoid
• Sagittal suture

  connects the parietal bones at the top of the skull in the sagittal plane
• Coronal suture

  connects both parietal bones to the frontal bone to the top of the skull in the coronal plane
• Lambdoidal suture

  connects the occipital bone to the posterior portions of the parietal bones
• Squamous suture

  connects the parietal bones to the temporal bones
• Describe sutures

  joints that are immovable and are composed of dense fibrous connective tissue
• What joints hold the bones in the skull together?

  sutures
• Tubercle

  rounded bump or process
• What are tubercles sites for?

  muscles and ligament attachments
• Tuberosity

  rounded bump that has more gradual slope
• Styloid process

  pointy process
• trochanter 


  very large bump
• Where are trochanters found?

  Femur
• Condyle 


  large rounded process
• Foramen

  hole for arteries, veins, and nerves
• Nutrient foramen

  does not go through the bone all the way
• What is the function of nutrient foramen?

  site where blood vessels enter the bone to provide substances for maintenance, growth, and repair
• Suture

  joint uniting at least two bones
• sinus 


  hollow cavity within a bone
• How many vertebrae does the spine have?

  24
• what is the structure of the spine?

  24 vertebrae that are stacked on top of one another forming a column
• What is the function of the spine?

  provides support for the head and trunk and houses the spinal cord
• What are the three basic sections of the spine?

  • Cervical
  • Thoracic
  • Lumbar
• what is C2

  the second cervical vertebra
• what is T5

  the fifth thoracic vertebra
• what is L5

  The fifth lumbar vertebra
• How many vertebrae does the lumbar spine have

  5 large vertebrae
• How many vertebrae does the thoracic spine have

  12 vertebrae that pieces the ribs together
• How many vertebrae does the cervical spine have

  seven vertebrae
• what is unique about the cervical spine?

  has two unique vertebrae that are called atlas and axis
• Cancellous bone (spongy bone)

  Looks like a trabeculated matrix
• Axial Skeleton

  • Skull
  • Spine
  • Ribcage
  • Sacrum
• Skull

  • Contains the brain and sensory structures (eyes, ears, nosal passages, and mouth)
  • 22 bones in the skull
• Bones forming the cranium

  • Frontal (forehead area)
  • Occipital (Back of the skull)
  • Right Parietal (right side of the skull)
  • Left Parietal (left side of the skull)
  • Left Temporal (left temple area)
  • Right Temporal (right temple area)
  • Sphenoid (behind the eyeballs)
  • Ethmoid (both sides of roof of nose, in between eyeballs)
• Sutures

  Immovable joints composed of dense fibrous connective tissue that hold the cranial bones together
• Types of sutures

  • Sagittal suture
  • Coronal suture
  • Lambdoidal suture
  • Squamosal suture
• Bony landmarks

  • Tubercle
  • Tuberosity
  • Styloid Process
  • Trochanter
  • Condyle
  • Foramen
  • Nutrient Foramen
  • Suture
  • Sinus