Philo of Edu

• PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT
• Magulod Jr, G. C. (2017). Educational philosophies adhered by Filipino preservice teachers: Basis for proposing initiatives for 21st century teacher education preparation program. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 5(1), 185-192.
• Tupas, J. B., & Pendon, G. P. (2016). College teachers' educational philosophy: A step towards improving teaching performance. IRA-International Journal of Education & Multidisciplinary Studies, 3(3), 384-401.
• Pre-service teachers


  • Exemplify progressivism and existentialism as educational philosophies when viewed as a whole
  • Essentialism was the dominant educational philosophy for BEEd, BSEd English, and BSEd Filipino courses
  • Perennialism philosophy for BSEd General Science course
  • Existentialism philosophy for BSEd Social Studies and BSEd Mathematics courses
• Major Philosophies in Science Education

  • Idealism
  • Realism
  • Pragmatism
  • Naturalism
  • Humanism
• Learning objectives
• SCHOOL AND CURRICULUM
• TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS
• What is real?


  Reality is spirit
• What is knowledge?


  • Act of knowing takes place in the mind
  • Every stimulus is derived from God
• How is the process of Teaching and Learning?

  • The teacher is intellectually and morally excellent
  • The students are passive
• What is the content of the Curriculum?

  • Subject matter essential for mental and moral development
  • The school sharpens one's intellectual processes

  
• Idealism


  • Mind as Foundation
  • Metaphysical Idealism - Reality is ultimately mental or spiritual
  • Epistemological Idealism - We can only access reality through our minds and perceptions
  • Contrasts with Realism which believes in an objective reality independent of our minds
• What is real?


  The world is real and material
• What is knowledge?


  Knowledge is derived from sensory experience
• How is the process of Teaching and Learning?

  • Teachers know subject fully; relates to students' experiences
  • Students are taught factual information and mastery

  
• What is the content of the Curriculum?

  • Subject matter focuses on Math and Science
  • School focuses on hands on experiences
• Realism


  • Mind-Independent Reality - Believes there is a world that exists independently of our minds
  • External World Shapes Knowledge - Our knowledge comes from interacting with external reality
  • Challenged by Skepticism which questions the possibility of truly knowing reality
• What is real?


  Reality is determined by individual's sense experience
• What is knowledge?


  Man can know nothing beyond his experience
• How is the process of Teaching and Learning?

  • Learning is an individual matter
  • Influenced Learning by Doing Principle (Active Learning) of Dewey and David Kolb Experiential Learning
• What is the content of the Curriculum?

  • Problems of democratic society as basis
  • Problem-based learning

  
• Pragmatism


  • Experience Matters - Knowledge evolves based on experiences
  • Science as a Model - Sees science as a successful method for developing knowledge
  • Anti-Dualism - Leans away from strict separations of mind and matter, theory and practice
• What is real?


  Reality is governed entirely by natural laws and forces
• What is knowledge?


  • Sensory experience (defining the physical world through experience)
  • Relates to empiricism
• How is the process of Teaching and Learning?

  • Procedural/methodological
  • Scientific Method
• What is the content of the Curriculum?

  • Nature and direct experiences
  • Subjects like biology, geology, physics, and astronomy would be central
  • Instills love for nature
• Naturalism


  • Nature is All There Is - Believes everything arises from natural causes
  • Science as the Guide - Sees the scientific method as the primary means to understand the natural world
  • Antisupernaturalism - Opposes supernatural explanations for phenomena
• What is real?


  • Emphasizes the human experience and our capacity for reason, creativity, and ethical decision-making
  • Reality is not something fixed and predetermined, but rather something we actively participate in and shape through our thoughts, actions, and creations
• What is knowledge?


  • Reason and logic are the primary tools for acquiring knowledge
  • Through critical thinking, analysis of evidence, and open discussion, we can develop a more comprehensive understanding of the world
• How is the process of Teaching and Learning?

  • Human potential and reason is linked to the humanist belief in individual freedom
  • Humans should be free to explore ideas, challenge assumptions, and pursue knowledge without restriction
• What is the content of the Curriculum?


  • Emphasizes critical thinking, communication skills, and exposure to diverse perspectives
  • Inclusive Education, humanities (literature, history, philosophy, art)

  
• Humanism


  • Humanity in Focus - Places humans at the center of its worldview
  • Reason Over Revelation - Believes knowledge comes from reason, logic, and critical thinking rather than religious faith or revelation
  • Individual Worth and Dignity - Values the inherent worth and dignity of every person
  • Secular Ethics - Believes in ethical principles based on human reason, empathy, and compassion
  • Social Progress - Emphasizes the importance of working together to create a better world
• Additional Readings
• Engelbrecht, P., Nel, M., Smit, S., & Van Deventer, M. (2016). The idealism of education policies and the realities in schools: The implementation of inclusive education in South Africa. International journal of inclusive education, 20(5), 520-535.
• Vincent, A. (2013). Idealism and education. In Ideas of Education (pp. 237-251). Routledge.

  
• Major Western Philosophies


  • Realism
  • Idealism
  • Pragmatism
• Realism


  • The world is real and material
  • Knowledge is derived from sense experience
  • Curriculum: Math and Science
  • Teaching-Learning Process: Teachers know subject fully; relates to students' experiences. Students are taught factual information and mastery.
• Idealism


  • Reality is spirit
  • Act of knowing takes place in the mind
  • Every stimulus is derived from God
  • Curriculum: Subject matter essential for mental and moral development
  • Teaching Learning Process: The teacher is intellectually and morally excellent
  • The students are passive
  • The school sharpens one's intellectual processes.
• Pragmatism/Experimentalism


  • Reality is determined by individual's sense experience
  • Man can know nothing beyond his experience
  • Experiencing determines knowledge
  • Curriculum: Problems of democratic society as basis
  • Teaching-Learning Process: Learning is an individual matter