NEW FLASHCARDS

• Transmission of traits from one generation to another.

  Heredity
• It is a process through which traits and characteristics are passed from parents to offspring.

  Heredity
• A segment or part of a genome and it is the fundamental physical unit of heredity.

  Gene
• This is the location of genes. Each gene occupies a specific position on a chromosome known as ______.

  Chromosomal locus
• One of the possible alternative forms of a gene, often distinguished from other alleles by phenotypic effects.

  Allele
• When the two alleles are the same.

  Homozygous
• When the two alleles are different, the dominant allele is expressed

  Heterozygous
• A term applied to the trait (allele) that is expressed.

  Dominant
• Blood type that are dominant.

  Type A and Type B
• Codimnant blood type. 


  Type AB
• Recessive blood type.


  Type O
• a term applied to a trait that is only expressed when the second allele is the same

  Recessive
• The complete set of hereditary information encoded in the DNA of an organism, including both the protein coding and non–protein-coding sequences. In simple terms, it is the whole.

  Genome
• The allelic or genetic constitution of an organism; often, the allelic composition of one or a limited number of genes under investigation. Cannot be seen by the naked eye and it can only be seen by tests.

  Genotype
• The overt appearance of a genetically controlled trait. These are observable physical or biochemical characteristics. It can be seen by the naked eye.

  Phenotype
• It studies the genetic source of certain actions and behaviors in organisms. An example of this study is the focus on twins and their different habits.

  Behavioral genetics
• It was the first of all genetic studies, focusing on visible characteristics that are passed down from parent to offspring.

  Classical genetics
• In classical genetics, he was made famous for his study of heredity in pea plants that shaped our understanding of genetics today.

  Gregor Mendel
• Study of Chromosomes, the containers for DNA and the code for genetic transfer.

  Cytogenetics
• Cytogenetics blends _____, the study of cell structure, with ______.

  cytology, genetics
• It studies how an organism forms from a single or multicellular origin upon fertilization to a fully formed organism.

  Developmental genetics
• Some studies of developmental genetics focus on the ______, an important cell that can differentiate into specialized cells and that is used frequently in medical research.

  stem cell
• It shies away from laboratory settings and studies organisms in their natural habitats. This branch of genetics tends to focus on observable traits that are important in an organism’s survival and life, such as the colors of feathers on a bird or the size of their beaks.

  Ecological genetics
• It is the manipulation of an organism’s genome, changes or adds genes to an organism’s sequence of DNA in order to create new traits or remove unwanted ones. It is used on many food products and animals and will likely be used on humans in the near future.

  genetic engineering
• Once scientists had developed the tools to compile them, they began to study entire sequences of DNA. It is the study of genomes, and it allows for evolutionary comparison between organisms and a broad study of genes and genetic interactions. It is one of the most popular studies in modern genetic research.

  Genomics
• Until recently, microorganisms were unstudied because of their small size, but advances in technology have allowed the study of ____________ to blossom into a revolutionary branch of the science.

  Microbial genetics
• It studies the individual molecular chemical properties of cells at a small scale, looking at, among other things, the molecular structure of DNA.

  Molecular genetics
• As the name suggests, focuses on the genetic differences in organisms within the same group or population.

  Population genetics
• It refers to how the traits of an organism are inherited, or passed down, from one generation to the next.

  genetics
• It refers to how traits are inherited in crops or livestock.

  Agricultural genetics
• An example of a ______ is the number of days it takes for an ear of corn to reach maturity, or harvest.

  plant trait
• An example of a ______ is how tall a cow is expected to grow in its first year of life.

  livestock trait
• How many weeks can a fetus undergo genetic testing.

  21 weeks
• Many different types of human genetic diseases can be detected in embryos as young as how many weeks.

  12 weeks
• This procedure involves removal and testing of a small amount of fluid from around the embryo.

  Amniocentesis
• The procedure that involves removal and testing of tissue from the placenta.

  Chorionic villus sampling
• It is based on modification of defective genotypes by adding functional genes made through recombinant DNA technology.

  gene theraphy
• It is being used to “mine” the human genome for gene products that might be candidates for designer pharmaceutical drugs

  Bioinformatics
• It certainly plays an important role in the transmission of physical and social characteristics from parents to off-springs.


  heredity and genes
• This are the word that is being called to diminutive or tiny old person.

  Homonculus