C3.1 Eucharist

• Real Presence: the actual presence of the body and blood of Christ in the Eucharistic bread and wine
• sacrament: ceremony as an outward sign of inward grace --> vehicle for receiving God's grace
• transignification (Catholics: Schillebeeckx): a change in the significance of Eucharist bread and wine to symbolise Jesus' body and blood (rejected by Catholic Church's Magisterium)
• transubstantiation (Catholics: Aquinas): literal conversion of Eucharist bread/wine into Jesus' body/blood at consecration; only appearance of bread/wine left
• sacraments in the Catholic + Orthodox Churches:

  baptism, confirmation, eucharist, penance, anointing the sick, marriage, holy orders
• Protestant belief about sacraments

  only eucharist and baptism justified w reference to Bible
• Biblical base for eucharist:

  "And he took bread, gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to them, saying, 'This is my body given for you; do this in remembrance of me.' In the same way, after the supper he took the cup, saying, 'This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you" (Luke 22: 19- 20)
• Quaker belief about sacraments

  sacraments can detract from God + belief that whole of life is sacramental
• Catholic interpretation of Eucharist

  Real Presence - bread + wine literally changes into Jesus' body + blood
• importance of Eucharist in Catholicism:

  Catechism of the Catholic Church: Eucharist = "source and summit of the Christian life" - expression of faith + source of grace to live Christian life
• Eucharistic adoration (Catholics): worshipping the divine nature of Christ as present in the form of bread/wine, often involving venerating the Eucharist with incense + genuflection (bending on knee)
• Protestant interpretation of Eucharist

  reject Real presence; symbol of Jesus' sacrifice + presence in lives, not literal transformation
• Lutherans, Catholics, Orthodox: Real Presence
• 6 key ideas of Eucharist: sacrament, grace, transubstantiation, transignification, Real Presence, memorial
• Cyprian of Carthage view of Eucharist

  sign of unity joining believers; can only share w other Catholics