CSMP

• Place characteristics:

  Physical geography

  Demography

  Socio-economic

  Cultural

  Political

  Built environment
• A place has relevance and meaning and people can make a place
• Census= data obtained from a survey in mass AC by the government to have a better understanding
• Perception is the way in which something is regarded, understood or interpretated
• Gender

  Religion

  Age

  Sexuality

  Role performed
• Attachment to a place can be both negative and positive and people remember places in different ways. Memory is a personal thing because experiences are personal and subjective.
• Kurds are an ethnic group spreading across the Middle East (Turkey, Iran, Syria)

  30 million kurds

  Regarded as a terrorist group by west as they are fighting for their independence.

  1/4 are refugees
• knowledge economy= economic system where knowledge based activities contribute towards the innovation of technology.
• Time-space compression is a spatial concept within geography, referring to the metaphorical shrinking of our world due to developments in technology, communications, transport, and capitalist processes.
• spatial inequality=unequal distribution of resources, opportunities and services across a geographical region
• Global shift of manufacturers and companies to countries that have recently indutrialized
• Comparative advantage= countries benefitting off trade
• geography of fear= a place that generates negative feelings
• example of a place with religious meaning= Jerusalem represents Christianists' holy site.
• A sense of place


  Emotional attachment

  It can be shaped by globalisation
• Informal representation= it can zoom in on specific detail so it is subjective
• Formal representation= data which allows the place to be described and investigated
• Methods governments use to tackle social inequality:

  Taxation

  subsidies=benefits

  planning= charities/housing agents

  Law

  Education
• The government spend £140 billion on pensions
• Government spends £183 billion on NHS
• players are individuals, groups that an influence processes of change. Some have more power then others.
• FDI= most of these flows are from TNC headquarters in ACs.
• Architecture is important in placemaking. This is due to planning having an influence on place making
• Examples of poor architecture

  Gentrification= displaces others

  Low accessibility= excludes certain demographics.
• Examples of good architecture

  Aesthetic = feel more connected to nature as buildings arent ugly

  Cultural buildings= makes people feel included
• 24hr cities= cities that never sleep. Planners are developing ideas that promoting the 24hr city
• rebranding involves

  brand artefact, brand essence and brandscape
• Strategies of rebranding:

  Market led, top-down, flagship, legacy, events
• how to assess the success of rebranding

  Social= improve the quality of life of residents

  Economic= improve the wealth, employment, income

  Environmental= improve physical characteristics of the place
• Measuring social inequality

  Income, Housing, Education, Health care, employment
• Disparities in social inequality

  wealth, housing, access to services, health, education
• place making processes

  Placemaking processes are strategic and collaborative efforts that aim to design or reimagine places to become more attractive, functional, inclusive, and sustainable. They can be led by governments, businesses, communities, or partnerships.
• Examples of placemaking processes

  Rebranding schemes

  gentrification