biodiversity and taxonomy

• biodiversity - variety of life in an area
• genetic biodiversity - differences in dna among individuals
• lacking a diverse set of genes are less able to adapt and survive
• species diversity - variety of species in a given area
• species richness - number of different species in an area
• species evenness - relative abundance of the different species in an area
• niches - size of an area, climate, diversity of functional roles contribute to biodiversity
• ecosystem biodiversity - variety of habitats and communities
• population density - number of individuals that lived in a defined area
• limiting factors - environmental conditions that keep a population from increasing in size and help balance ecosystem
• carrying capacity - maximum population size
• endemic - only found in just one region
• threatened - population that is declining rapidly and has a potential of becoming endangered
• endangered - low population and possible of becoming extinct
• extinct - last member of the population dies
• taxonomy - naming and classification
• domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species
• domain: bacteria, archaea, eukarya
• prokaryotes - no nucleus, mitochrondria, membrane-bound organelles
• eukaryotes - organelles are surrounded by a membrane and are enclosed by a nucleus
• kingdom - protista, fungi, animalia, plantae
• protists - unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic (consumers) or autotrophic (producers)
• fungi - absorb nutrients from dead organic matter, produce spores to reproduce
• animalia - animals that move around, have specialised cells like muscle cells and nerve cells
• plantae - autotrophs
• Disease and parasites - infectious diseases and parasites spread faster in densely populated areas
• Competition for resources - have limited abilities to compete for the resources will not reproduce as often
• Predation - plenty of prey are available, predators will be able to eat sufficiently, thus have energy to reproduce much, and increase their numbers
• Emigration - population approaches its carrying capacity, and

  individual organisms leave and go to a new area