Henry VII Foreign Policy

• France:

  SK1 = 1492 Treaty of Etaples ended the Breton Crisis and negated the auld alliance - eliminated both French and Scottish threat

  SK2 = Negotiated £159,000 French pension to be paid in £5k a year instalments - improved finances and secured dynasty as heir would inherit a stable economic situation from French pension

  CSK = In 1494 France invaded Italy, Maximilian asked Henry for help fight against France in what became the Italian Wars but Henry stayed out of it - lost Maximillian's trust
• Scotland

  SK1 = 1497 Truce of Ayton which later became the 1502 Treaty of Perpetual Peace was the first peace treaty between England and Scotland since 1328 - good relationship with Scotland was especially successful as they were so close to England

  SK2 = Henry’s daughter Margaret was married to James V in 1503 - secured dynasty

  CSK = Border raids between England and Scotland continued e.g. Border Reivers Gang which stole sheep, cattle, and horses

  CONSENSUS = No direct conflict between England and Scotland - criminals would always be criminals regardless of relations
• Spain

  SK1 = 1489 Treaty of Medina del Campo agreed that neither party would support rebels from the other and would intervene immediately if at war with France

  SK2 = Agreed that Catherine and Arthur would marry - secured dynasty

  CSK = Castillian succession crisis of 1504-1506 made Henry cancel debts of £138,000 so Philip of Burgundy could fight for Castille but he died and Castille was taking over so alliance with Aragon was basically useless and money was squandered

  OR = Arthur died in 1502 after just 6 months of marriage
• Burgundy (success)

  SK1 = 1496 Intercursus Magnus: Ended trade embargo due to Warbeck support. Allowed merchants to sell without paying customs in anywhere Philip’s lands except Flanders

  SK2 = 1506 Intercursus Malus: Negotiated return of Edmund de la Pole. Removed all duties on English cloth exports without reciprocity

  CSK = Intercursus Malus was never implemented due to lack of support

  CONSENSUS = Still saw De la Pole's return and Intercursus Magnus was renewed instead
• Burgundy (failure)

  SK1 = Margaret of Burgundy supported a lot of threats to H7 e.g. sent Simnel 2000 mercenaries, supported Warbeck, and harboured De la Pole

  SK2 = Had to have 2 trade embargos due to harbouring of Warbeck and de la Pole - Antwerp was the most important trade centre in Europe which was vital to the economy

  CSK = 1506 Intercursus Malus removed all duties on English cloth exports without reciprocity

  CONSENSUS = Intercursus Malus was never implemented