Transportation in and out of cells

• -277 is the absolute zero
• deposition is depositing gas particles into a specific arrangement
• Diffusion is the movement of liquids or/and gasses from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Diffusion is a passive process
• active transport forces gasses into solid and needs energy to be pushed.
• Osmosis is when water moves from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration through a semi-permable until a balance is reached
• reverse osmosis requires energy (active process) to move water molecules from a high to low concentration in order to obtain drinkable water from sea water and ground water
• a plazmolyzed cell is when there is a higher concentration in the solution then the inside of the cell. this type of solution is called hypertonic solution. For animal cell its called shriveled
• In a flaccid / normal cell the solution has the same concentration as the inside of the cell. This solution is isotonic
• In turgid / lyced (burst) cells, the cell takes in more water then it looses causing it to swell up. the solution that it is placed in has a lower concentration then the inside of the cell. the solution is hypotonic solution
• If water eveporates from the plant faster then it can be replaced, the plant becomes wilted. A normal plant should have turgid cells.
• Active transport is the movement of gas, liquid and aqueous particles from a low to high concentration
• in a lyced cell there is no "wall" to protect the cell from bursting so it bursts.
• Plants obtain their minerals by active transport. Active transport is also needed for the absorbtion of nutrients from the intestine after digestion. At first diffusion and osmosis work together but then after that almost all the nutrients have passed through and the concentration shift, then active transport kicks in and energy is required to absorb the last few remaining nutrients
• Active transport is used when an injection is being taken and when absorbing foods
• Active transport only moves solutes (exept water). Water is moved by reverse osmosis
• Breathing is the movement of the lungs, diaphragm and intercoastal muscles. Gaseous exchange happens in lungs where by oxygen is breathed in and carbon dioxide is exhaled. Respiration is the chemical process that takes place in every living cell by which energy is released from food to keep the cell alive
• The best type of surface area to volume ratio organs are the ones which have the following charactaristics

  1)large surface area.

  2)thin epithelium

  3)Moist surface

  4)ventilation

  5)Rich supply of blood capillaries