effects of ageing

• Bone mass continues to grow until about age 30 when the bones begin to deteriorate
• there is a gradual decrease in bone density as bones lose calcium and other minerals
• Osteoporosis occurs when the loss of bone mass becomes sufficient to impair normal function. as bone density decrease the risk of fractures increase 
• the bones most likely affected by osteoporosis are the vertebrae, ribs, pelvis, wrist, upper arm, but any bone can be affected
• Prevention of osteoporosis includes having an adequate calcium intake, an adequate amount of vitamin D and plenty of exercise
• Treatment of osteoporosis includes lifestyle changes like increase calcium, vitamin D and exercise, quitting smoking and taking medication 
• Osteoarthritis is the gradual change in joints that occurs over time. the joint cartilage deteriorate, so that bone surface is no longer protected . the exposed bone begins to ware away and bony spurs or growths may develop. this decreases the space within joint cavity, restricting movement of joints
• Factors contributing to osteoarthritis includes ageing, irritation of joints and ware and abrasion 
• Symptoms of osteoarthritis includes pain and stiffness in joints with the pain often more severe after exercise and when weight or pressure is put on joint and a rubbing, grating or crackling sound when joint moves
• there is no known cure for osteoarthritis but some treatments include medication to relieve pain, physiotherapy to strengthen muscles around affected joint, surgery to realign bones and joint replacement surgery