Chemistry

• diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of hugh concentration to and area of low concentration until the particles are evenly distributed.
• the rate of diffusion depends on temperature, surface area, pressure difference, and distance
• a catalyst increases the speed of reaction without being used up or changed at the end of the reaction
• an enzyme is a biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy
• osmosis is the net movement of water particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a semipermeable membrane.
• brownian motion is the constant irregular movement of large visible solid particles in an invisible fluid movement
• increasing temp increases the kinetic energy of molecules which causes them to move faster so they collide more often with other molecules increasing the rate of reaction
• increasing conc of reactants increases the number of collisions between reactant molecules increasing the rate of reaction
• pure substances are made up of one type of particle
• an element contains one atom
• a compound is substance made up of two or more substances chemically bonded
• homogenous mixture is one that is uniform throughout
• heterogenous mixture is not uniform throughout
• solutions are formed when one substance called a solute is dissolved in another called a solvent
• suspensions are a type of mixture formed when a solute does not dissolve in a solvent.
• liquids that do not dissolve in each other are called immiscible
• colloids are mixtures where the solute particles are bigger than those in solution but smaller than in suspension.
• aqueous is where water is the solvent
• non aqueous where another is the solvent
• solubility is defined as the mass of a solute that dissolves in 100g of a solvent at a particular temperature to form a saturated solution
• factors that affect solubility are

  1. structure of solute and solvent
  2. temperature