classification

• classification is a means of organising the variety of life based on relationships between organisms using differences and similarities in phenotypes and genotypes and is built around species concept
• taxonomy: naming, defining, classifiying organisms
• carl linnaeus

  artificial classification - group based on observable characteristics (physical)
• binomial nomenclature

  name of an organism is made up of:

  genus (always given capital letter) which is generic and species which is specific

  whole name is in italics (indicates it is latin)
• D omain K ingdom P hylum C lass O rder F amily G enus S pecies
• as you go down each taxonomic group, they have more shared characteristics
• as you go down the group is goes from general to more specific
• 5 kingdoms

  plantae, animalia, fungi, protist, prokaryote
• carl woese

  3 domains

  bacteria, archaea, eukaryota
• organisms within archaea domain are sometimes referred to as extremophiles prokaryotes
• archael cells have no nucleus, they have unique lipids found in the membranes of their cell, no peptidoglycan in cell walls, ribosomal structure more similar to eukaryotic than prokaryotic
• archaea

  metabolism similar to bacteria

  DNA synthesis + protein similar to eukaryotes

  has plasmids
• carl woese

  rRNA analysis

  1. sequenced ribosomal RNA base sequence

  2. compare them - similarities & differences

  more similar base sequence = more closely related
• molecular phylogeny relies on similarities or differences of molecules (DNA RNA or proteins) between groups of organisms to determine how closely related they are
• molecular phylogeny is natural classification and investigates evolutionary relationships
• carl woese's data would have to be peer reviewed in order to be published to prevent false information to be published
• in order to prevent false information to be published

  check reliability

  if its repeatable (you repeat)

  if its reproducible (others can repeat)