Biology CH 41.

• An Intraspecific Interaction is where members of the same species compete for limiting resources
• The inevitable elimination of a habitat of one or two species with identical needs which is called competitive exclusion
• The fundamental law that two species cannot occupy the same niche is called ecological niche
• Resources partitioning is where different organisms split, no compete (special adaptations)
• Introduced species- new species in a niche
• Character displacement is an evolutionary changes as occurrence of inhabitant same environment
• Fundamental niche is a entire set of conditions where animals can survive and reproduce itself; their position in the niche
• inter (between) Interactions between different species in a community is called interspecific interactions.
• When the niches of coexisting species differ by one or more significant factors, it is referred to as resource partitioning.
• Interactions between members of different species are interspecific interactions
• Non-native species that colonize an ecosystem and may cause disruption of the ecosystem are introduced species
• The specific set of biotic and abiotic resources that a species uses in its environment is its ecological niche
• The tendency for two species competing for the same resources to evolve differences in body structure and employ different resources is character displacement
• The idea that two species cannot occupy the same niche is the principle of competitive exclusion
• In 1988, a severe drought contributed to a forest fire in Yellowstone National Park. Approximately one year later, herbaceous plants, unlike those in the original forest, covered the forest floor. The process of this herbaceous growth is secondary succession.
• Primary Succession- Ecological success that occurs in an area with no originally no organisms present and where soil has not yet formed.

  *note. this Succession- takes a long time to recover
• Secondary Succession- Existing community that cleared by some disturbances leaving some soil or subtract inact
• disturbances- even that changes community
• nonequaliberium model- a model that maintains that communities change constantly after being buffeted by disturbances
• Sympatric- Animals or plants occur within the same geographical overlapping
• Allopatric- Animals or plants occur in separate, non-overlapping and separated by geographic area
• Species diversity is affected by both the number of species in a community and its species richness-and their relative abundance.
• A community with similar abundance of species is more diverse than one in which one or two species are abundance and the remainder are rare.
• Trophic structure is a key factor in community dynamics
• Food chains link the trophic levels from producers to top carnivores
• Foundation species are large or abundance members of a community that provides food or habitat.
• Keystone species are large or abundance members of a community that provides food or habitat. -usually less abundance that exert a disproportionate influence
• Ecological Succession is the sequence of a community and ecosystem changes after a disturbance
• Primary succession occurs when the area is virtually lifeless
• Secondary Succession occurs after a disturbance has removed most but not all organisms
• Zoonotic pathogens are transferred from other animals to humans.
• Pathogens play a role in structuring terrestrial and marine communities.
• Pathogen: disease
• Species Richness tends to decline a long a latitudinal from trophic to pole. Climate influences the diversity gradient through energy (heat and light) and water.
• Evapotranspiration: The total evaporation of water from an ecosystem including water transpired by plants and evaporated from an landscapes usually measured in millimeters and estimated for a year.
• Species Area Curve: The biodiversity pattern that shows that the larger geographic area of a community the more species it has
• Inhibition is a function of interactions within the community, not of immigration rates or other factors associated with the source of colonizing species.
• Which biologist described a plant community as having characteristics of a superorganism? F.E. Clemens