organic analysis

• test for alkenes


  bromine water.turns orange solution into colourless.remains orange if its an alkane
• test for haloalkanes


  warm NaOH.acidified silver nitrate.dilute then concentrated ammonia.
• results for haloalkanes


  white precipitate-AgCl-dissolves in dilute ammonia

  cream precipitate-AgBr-dissolves in conc ammonia

  yellow precipitate-AgI-doesn't dissolve in conc or dilute ammonia
• test for alcohols


  acidfied potassium dichromate-green to orange solution
• test for aldehydes


  fehlings-blue to brick red precipitate

  tollens-silver mirror

  acidified potassium dichromate-orange to green solution
• test for ketones


  can't use either test as they can't be oxidised further
• test for carboxylic acids

  limewater+carbonate-effervence +cloudy
• specific masses calc


  calculate regular Mr using the specific values
• IR spectroscopy


  Infrared radiation passes through compound.Some of the radiation is absorbed by bonds in the molecule and some transmitted.
• IR spec


  OH alchols-broad peak-3230-3550

  OH acids -broad-2500-3000

  C=O-strong,narrow peak-1680-1750

  C=C-narrow-1620-1850
• M/Z is the same as Mr of a compound