A mark on a surface that describes a shape or outline. It can create texture and can be thick or thin.
Five basic lines
Horizontal
Vertical
Diagonal
Curved
Zig-zag
Shape
Created when a line becomes connected and encloses space. It is the outline or outward appearance of something. Shapes are 2 Dimensional (2-D) which means there are 2 ways they can be measured.
Two basic types of shape
Geometric shapes
Organic shapes
Form
A three-dimensional object having volume and thickness. A Form is a shape that has become 3-Dimensional (3-D) and has height, width and depth.
Value
The degree of light and dark in a design. It is the contrast between black and white and all the grays between. Value applies to colors as well, with all the tints, shades, and tones between the primary, secondary and intermediate colors.
Techniques to create value
Cross-hatching
Stippling
Soft shading
Space
Divided into 3 parts: Foreground, Middle Ground and Background. Can be deep or shallow, positive or negative.
Texture
The way the surface of an object actually feels (tactile) or looks like it feels (implied).
Color
Refers to specific hues and has properties of Intensity and Value. The color wheel shows the chromatic scale.
Color schemes
Analogous
Complementary
Triadic
Principles of Design
Something that can be repeatedly and dependably combined and used with the elements to produce some visual effect in a composition.
Balance
A feeling of visual equality in shape, form, value, color, etc. Can be symmetrical or asymmetrical.
Rhythm
A sense of movement in which some elements recur regularly, like the beat and rhythm of music.
Scale
Relates to the actual and relative size and visual weight of the design and its components.
Proportion
The Golden Mean - the division of a line or form so that the smaller portion has the same ratio to the larger as the larger has to the whole.
Center of Interest/Emphasis
The area that first attracts attention in a composition.
Harmony/Unity/Variety
A composition brought together with similar units or elements. Unity occurs when all the parts are related by one idea. Variety is when two or more different elements of design are used to add interest.
Cave art
Arts of Paleolithic humans represented by drawings and paintings on the walls of caves
Cave art
Painting or drawing of figures called pictographs and petroglyphs
82,000-year-old Nassarius snail shells found in Morocco
100,000 year-old Nassarius shell beads found in Israel
Earliest known rock painting is a female figure carved out of mammoth ivory
Altamira bison cave painting
Found in 1870 in Altamira, Spain by Don Marcelino and his daughter, painted by the Magdalenian people between 16,000-9,000 BC, "The Sistine Chapel of Paleolithic Art"
Lascaux cave painting
Found in 1940 by two boys, created around 15,000 BC, 7 chambers, narrow entrance
Paleolithic art
Intricately bound to anthropological and archaeological studies, concerned itself with either food (hunting scenes, animal carvings), predominant theme was animals, to gain some sort of control over their environment, the painting of the animal sends a message to its spirit, that great respect is intended and that only those needed for survival will be hunted and killed
3 General Themes of Paleolithic art
Humans (rarely depicted, drawn as cartoon-like silhouette)
Animals (most abundant, horses quarter of all animal images, tend to be painted larger)
Signs (abstract symbols, difficult to interpret, commonly associated with hunting equipment and the female form)
Cro-Magnons
First species of the Homo sapiens, lived in Europe before the emergence of Indo-Europeans, responsible for the cave paintings found in Lascaux, France and Altamira, Spain
Shamans
Most notable of the multiple religious figures, function as healers, prophets, diviners, and custodians of religious mythology, Shamanism is their religious practice
Medium of Paleolithic art
Natural objects to paint the walls of the caves, sharp tools or a spear, berries, clay, soot, charcoal or animal fat, straw, leaves, moss, or hair to sticks
Art
A product of man's need to express himself
Art
The right reason of making things. It is the process of creating things that is guided by good intention and it does not violate the universal concept of justice.
Kinds of art
Visual arts
Film
Dance
Poetry
Performance art
Literary
Architecture
Theater
Applied arts
Nature of art
Art is everywhere
Art must be universally significant
Art is part of one's life
Art as expression and communication
Art is NOT nature
Art perfects nature
Art and culture are linked
Art is an expression of a particular person or group of people
Functions of art
Personal function
Social function
Physical function
Spinoza: 'A thing is beautiful if we desire it, and desire it because it is good; and if it is good, it is therefore beautiful.'
Plato: 'Beauty is equated with the sublime identity with good.'
Aristotle: 'Beauty is a symmetry, proportion, and an organic order of parts into united whole.'