Elements, Atoms, Molecules, Ions, Ionic and Covalent Comp.

• Atom


  A particle composed of a single type of atom
• Molecule


  A particle composed of multiple atoms, which can be the same or different types
• Substances


  • Helium
  • Hydrogen gas
  • H2O
• Helium


  Composed of atoms, each particle is made up of one atom of helium
• Hydrogen gas


  Composed of molecules, one particle contains two atoms
• H2O (water)


  Composed of molecules, with one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms
• Helium is a pure element, made up of only one type of atom
• Hydrogen gas is a pure element, made up of only one type of atom
• Water is not a pure element, it is composed of hydrogen and oxygen atoms
• Substances


  • O2
  • CO2
  • Neon
  • Fluorine
• O2


  Molecule composed of two oxygen atoms, a pure element
• CO2


  Molecule composed of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms, a compound
• Neon


  Atom, a pure element
• Fluorine


  Molecule composed of multiple fluorine atoms, a pure element
• Atom


  Electrically neutral, equal number of protons and electrons
• Ion


  Different number of protons and electrons, resulting in a positive or negative charge
• Particles


  • Aluminum atom
  • Aluminum ion (3+ charge)
• Aluminum atom


  13 protons, 13 electrons, 14 neutrons
• Aluminum ion (3+ charge)


  13 protons, 10 electrons, 14 neutrons
• Cation


  Positively charged ion
• Anion


  Negatively charged ion
• Ionic compound


  Composed of metals and nonmetals, with full charge transfer between atoms
• Covalent/molecular compound


  Composed of nonmetals, with shared electrons between atoms
• Compounds


  • Sodium chloride (NaCl)
  • H2O (water)
• Sodium chloride (NaCl)


  Ionic compound, composed of a metal (sodium) and a nonmetal (chlorine)
• H2O (water)


  Covalent/molecular compound, composed of nonmetals (hydrogen and oxygen)
• Carbon monoxide


  Covalent/molecular compound, composed of nonmetals (carbon and oxygen)
• Magnesium chloride


  Ionic compound, composed of a metal (magnesium) and a nonmetal (chlorine)
• Sulfur hexafluoride


  Covalent/molecular compound, composed of nonmetals (sulfur and fluorine)
• Calcium oxide


  Ionic compound, composed of a metal (calcium) and a nonmetal (oxygen)
• Ammonium chloride


  Ionic compound, composed of ions (ammonium and chloride)