Particulate Nature of Matter

• Matter is anything that has mass and volume. It is composed of tiny particles (form of molecules, atoms, ions) (constantly moving and unique arrangement)
• Phases of Matter:

  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • Plasma
  • Bose-Einstein Condensate
• Greek Philosophers: (all materials made up of one primal matter)

  • Thales of Miletus - water
  • Anaximenes - air
  • Heraclitus -fire
  • Empedocles - water,air,fire,earth
  • Aristotle- continuity of matter (matter is divisible)
  • Leucippus & Democritus - atom ("atomos" or indivisible)
• Discontinuity of matter started wherein matter can't be further divided once atom is obtained.
• Main Ideas in the Particulate Nature of Matter:

  1. Matter is composed of discrete particles (1. ion - particle that is charged *anion - negatively charged *cation -positively charged 2. molecules - two or more atoms that are chemically combined)
  2. There is an empty space between particles of matter
  3. The particles of matter are in constant motion
  4. There are forces between the particles (*Intermolecular forces - exist between particles may be attractive or repulsive)
• Solid - low kinetic energy because they're compact and only vibrate

  Liquid - moderate kinetic energy because they slip past each other

  Gas - high kinetic energy because moving swiftly