Week 5 – Structure and Roles of the Police

• What did policing look like during pre-confederation?

  During pre-confederation policing looked like:

  • Mostly informal policing by community residents.
  • The Hudson Bay Company policed their employees and the Indigenous populations.
• When was the first police officers in Canada?

  The first police officers in Canada were in Quebec City during the mid 17th century and Upper Canada in the 19th century.
• What were the police mandated for most of its history in Canada?

  Police mandates were:

  • Mediating conflicts between ethnic groups and employers.
  • Maintain moral standards.
  • Apprehend criminals.
• What are the four structures of policing?

  The four levels of policing are: (1) federal, (2) provincial, (3) municipal, and (4) First Nations. Additionally, this also includes public transportation police. Some municipalities also have their own forces.
• Who are is governed by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police? What do their duties include?

  The Royal Canadian Mounted Police are governed by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Act of 1985. Their duties include federal policing and international peacekeeping.
• Contract Policing

  Provincial, territorial, and municipal level. Concerns about local oversight and fiscal accountability. In but of communities – difficult to ensure that RCMP detachments are responsive to communities.
• What are the three forces of provincial police? What are their responsibilities?

  The three forces of provincial police are:

  1. Ontario Provincial Police
  2. Surete du Quebec
  3. Royal Newfoundland Constabulary

  There responsibilities are policing rural areas and areas outside of municipalities. Also, enforce provincial laws and Criminal Code.
• What are advantages and disadvantages of regional policing?

  Advantages:

  • Cheaper and more services.

  Disadvantages:

  • Too centralised and not in touch with community.
• What are the responsibilities of municipal police?

  The responsibilities of municipal police are to enforce the Criminal Code, provincial statutes, municipal bylaws, and some federal statutes. They also have the largest number of officers of any level.
• What are the three forms of police governance?

  The three forms of police governance are:

  1. Police acts: Legislative framework.
  2. Policing Standards: Provisions for maintaining and delivering police services
  3. Police Boards and Commissions: Bodies that provide oversight of police.
• What are three forms of categories of policing?

  The three forms of categories of policing are:

  1. Crime control.
  2. Order maintenance.
  3. Crime prevention and service.
• Working Personality of Police

  A set of attitudinal and behavioural attributes that develops because of the unique role of activities of police officers.
• Who did the RCMP employ in 1936?

  In 1936, the RCMP were employed Indigenous men as special constables.