RIZAL L2

• rizal's parents were francisco merino and teodora alonzo.
• The political climate during the Spanish occupation shows how political power was used and abused
• the most common basis is the accurate time period which starts from year 1 to 99.
• The latter was used by historians who considered the 19th century as beginning from 1815 during the Congress of Vienna, which ended in 1914 at the beginning of the first world war
• The British historian Eric Hobsbawn believed the 19th century started in 1789, the beginning of the French Revolution, and ended in 1914
• 19TH century was when Rizal was born
• 19th century paved the way to Filipino nationalism
• The Rajah Sulayman and Lakan Dula 1574 revolt was fronted by the dwellers of Manila only for the sake of themselves
• The nationalist sentiment which sparked in the 1896 Philippine Revolution started not from the struggle for independence, but from the anticipation for a much better life of all those who lived in the Philippines
• Legazpi instituted the first Spanish community in 1565 at Cebu
• The history of the Philippines under the Spanish regime spreads vastly; in a span of 236 uninterrupted years, Spain ruled the Philippines besides the 2 years that the archipelago was colonized by the british.
• During the colonization of British people, Spaniard Simon de Anda y Salazar and Brit Dawson Drake were holding administration
• Spain was one of the most prolific nation
• Ever since Legazpi bought the West into the country, the Philippines was coined Medieval Europe
• The feudal system brought by the European conquistadores was the reason of the non-progress of the Philippines.
• Feudal system was drafted after the manorial system of the Romans
• Manorial system- those who dwell within the manors- or large territories- have the rights to rule, in line with the protection they joy
• Feudalism was centered on the fiefs or feudum, from where the term feudalism was coined
• A fief is a share of land granted to a person called agalon or seigneur, by the vassal
• Vassal gives service and protection to the seigneur in times of war
• Serfs- the commoners that were hired by the tenant vassal
• On August 4, 1789, when the French Revolution began, the National Assembly o France eradicated the feudal system
• Before the Revolution, the clerics and nobles had tax exemptions
• One of the reform was on fair tax collection.
• Another reform was fair retribution
• Stated in the Fundamental Principles of Policing and Justice of the French Revolution was that the gravity of the punishment be based upon the law and not on the preference of the powerful
• Seigneurial rights refer to the fees the nobility was due
• Spain remained to be Feudal until the Constitucion Politica de la Monarquia Espanola or the Constitution of Cadiz- was established on March 19, 1892
• The peninsulares occupy the top level
• The term peninsulares refer to the Spaniards born in the Iberian Peninsula; they were made up of government officials and the friars.
• Lower than the peninsulares are the insulares or creoles.
• The term insulares refers to the Spaniard born in the Insula or the colonial island, Philippines
• In the middle level lay the mestizos, illustrados, and principales
• There were 3 types of mestizos
• Mestizo de sangley- those of Chinese descent
• Mestizo de Espanyol- were of Spanish blood
• Tornatras- mixed Spanish and Chinese origins
• Rizal was a tornatra, but commonly, he had Chinese and mestizo de sangley origins. He also had Spanish blood, thereby making him a mestizo de Espanyol, based on his mother's lineage
• The illustrados, literally translated as the enlightened, was the term used for the educated few.
• The principales was the noble class before the arrival of the spaniards