assault

• s39 criminal justice act 1988
• assault = making the V apprehend immediate and unlawful personal violence
• actus reus = putting the V in fear of unlawful force
• words written or spoken can be assault (Constanza)
• silent phone calls (Ireland)
• fear of what the D may do next is immediate (Smith)
• if there's no clear threat then there's no assault (Tuberville)
• mens rea = putting the V in fear of immediate personal violence
• intention (Mohan)
• subjective recklessness (Cunningham)