CHAPTER 6

• Facility layout refers to the specific arrangement of the physical facilities
• A product layout is an arrangement based on the sequence of operations that is performed in manufacturing goods or deliver a service
• advantage of product layout include higher output rates, lower-work-in-process inventories, less material handling, higher labor equipment utilization.
• Disadvantage is a breakdown of one piece of equipment can cause the entire process shutdown.
• Product layout is less flexible and expensive to change
• Process layout consist of functional groupings of equipment or activities that do similar work.
• Cellular layout, the design is not according to the functional characteristics of equipment but rather based on self contained groups of equipment needed for producing a particular set of goods and service.
• Fixed-position layout consolidate the resources necessary to manufacture a good or deliver a service.
• Flow-blocking delay occurs when a work center completes a unit but cannot release it because the in-process storage at the next stage is full
• Lack-work delay occurs whenever one stage completes work and no unit from the previous stage are awaiting processing.
• Assembly line is a product layout dedicated to combining the components of a good or service that has been created previously.
• Assembly-line balancing is a technique to group task among workstations so that each workstation has the same amount of work
• cycle time is the interval between successive outputs coming off the assembly line.
• the first approach of designing process layout is focuses in the cost associated with moving materials or the inconvenience that customer might experience in moving between physical location
• the second approach is used when it is difficult to obtain data on cost or volume moved between departments.
• job is a set of task an individual performs
• job design involves determining the specific job task and responsibilities, the work environment, and the methods by which the task will be carried out to meet the goals operation
• Job enlargement is the horizontal expansion of the job to give the worker more variety-although not necessarily more responsibility
• Job enrichment is a vertical expansion of job duties to give the worker more responsibility
• ergonomics is concerned with improving productivity and safety by designing workplace, equipment, instrument, computers, workstation, and so on that take into account the physical capabilities of people.