Behaviourist

• Nurture


  Nature or nurture? - Behaviourist
• Hard environmental determinism


  Type of determinism - Behaviourist
• No


  Freewill? - Behaviourist
• Nomothetic


  Idiographic or nomothetic? - Behaviourist
• Reductionism


  Reductionism or holism? - Behaviourist
• • Only interested in studying behaviour that can be observed and measured.
  • Early behaviours (e.g. Watson) rejected introspection as it was too difficult.
  • Believe all behaviour is learnt - a collection of responses from external stimuli.
  • Humans are born liek a blank slate (Tabula Rasa)
  • Key learning process is conditioning.


  Assumptions - behaviourist
• Food (UCS) -> Salivation (UCR)

  Food (UCS) + Bell (NS) -> Salivation (UCR)

  Bell (CS) -> Salivation (CR)

  The dogs made an association between the bell and food and expected food whenever the bell rang, which is why they started to salivate


  Classical conditioning (Pavlov - salivating dogs)
• Recording ones own conscious throughts and breaking them down into images, sensations and feelings.


  Wundt - Introspection
• Positive reinforcement - rewarding behaviour with something

  Negative reinforcement - taking something away as a reward.

  Positive punishment - giving something to punish behaviour.

  Negative punishment - taking something away as punishment.

  Operant reinforcement (Skinner and Skinner’s box)