Psychodynamic

• Nature


  Nature or nurture?
• Hard psychic determinism


  Type of determinism
• No


  Freewill?
• Idiographic


  Idiographic or nomothetic?
• Reductionist


  Reductionist or Holist?
• • Caused by emotional problems in the unconscious mind.
  • Causes of emotional problems can usually be tracked back to early childhood.
  • The relationship between parent and child is a crucial determinant of mental health.


  Assumptions - Psychodynamic
• Id - instincts - ‘pleasure principles’

  Ego - reality ‘reality principle’

  Superego - morality ‘morality principle’

  • Psychotic - id is dominant.
  • Psychopathic - id is dominant, but no superego.
  • Healthy - ego is dominant
  • Neurotic - superego is dominant

  The psyche
• Denial - refusing to acknowledge reality.

  Displacement - transferring feelings from their true source onto a substitute target.

  Repression - forcing a distressing memory out of the conscious mind.
• 0-2y - Oral - The mouth sucking and swallowing.

  2-4y - Anal - The anus withholding or expelling faeces.

  3-5y - Phallic - The penis or clitoris (masterbation).

  6-8y - Latent - Little or no sexual motivation present.

  8+ - Genital - The penis or vaginal sexual intercourse.

  Psychosexual stages
• Oral - Force feeding, deprivation, early wearing - smoking, dependancy aggression.

  Anal (retentive or expulsive) - Toilet training too hard or too lax - obsessive tidiness, meannes or untidiness.

  Phallic - Family stepup leading to unusual relationship with parent - vanity, self obsession, sexual anxiety.


  Fixation