Attachment Quickfire

• What are the explanations for attachment?

  Learning theory, Bowlby's monotropic theory
• These are the key assumptions of which theory...

  1. Behaviour is a result of nurture
  2. Attachment is NOT innate
  3. Attachment is learnt through classical/operant conditioning?

  Learning theory
• What is the 'cupboard love' theory?

  Children learn to become attached to their caregiver as they give them food
• what does the person who feeds the child food play the role of?

  unconditioned stimulus
• what is operant conditioning based on?

  reinforcement
• what is drive reduction?

  when food satisfies an infant's hunger to make them comfortable again
• Who's findings challenge the learning theory as an explanation of attachment?

  Harlow's
• What theory's key assumptions...

  1. Attachment is a result of nature
  2. behaviour is based on biology (innate)
  3. first attachment is a template for all other relationships?

  Bowlby's monotropic theory
• 5 key features of monotropic theory?

  Innate and adaptive, monotropy, social releasers, critical period, internal working model
• Who's findings support the monotropic theory?

  Lorenz (critical period)
• Who found evidence to support the continuity hypothesis?

  Kerns
• Does Bowlby see fathers as a primary/secondary attachment figure?

  Secondary
• Research on early attachments affecting later relationships in childhood comes from which researchers?

  Myron-Wilson and Smith, Kerns
• What are the 4 types of adult attachment?

  Secure, anxious preoccupied, dismissive avoidant, fearful avoidant
• What did the 'love quiz' collect information about?

  Early attachment experiences and current romantic attitudes and experiences
• How many responses came from the 'love quiz'?

  620
• What are the consequences of maternal deprivation?

  Low IQ, affectionless psychopathy, poor social development
• What study supports Bowlby's theory of maternal deprivation?


  Bowlby's 44 thieves study
• Who provides contradictory evidence for Bowlby's maternal deprivation theory?

  Lewis
• What 2 terms may Bowlby have confused in his maternal deprivation theory?

  privation and deprivation
• What is the mnemonic for Bowlby's maternal deprivation theory?

  acidic
• What technique was used to identify types of attachment?

  Ainsworth's strange situation
• How often was the infant's behaviour recorded in the strange situation?

  every 15 seconds
• What 4 things did Ainsworth aim to investigate?

  Infant's willingness to explore, stranger anxiety, separation anxiety and reunion behaviour
• What percentage of infant's were securely attached in the strange situation?

  66%
• In which attachment type does the infant have high levels of stranger anxiety?

  Secure
• In which attachment types is the infant willing to explore?

  secure, insecure avoidant
• In which attachment type is an infant indifferent when their mother leaves the room?

  Insecure avoidant
• In which attachment type are infants hard to sooth yet seek and reject contact during reunion?

  Insecure resistant
• Which attachment type is related to mother's who don't respond to child's needs?

  Insecure avoidant
• Which attachment type is related to inconsistent parenting?

  Insecure resistant
• The strange situation is designed for use in which cultures?

  British and American
• Who studied cultural variations in attachment?

  Ijzendoorn & Kroonenburg
• How many countries were included in Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg's meta-analysis?

  8
• Where was secure attachment highest?

  UK
• Where was secure attachment lowest?

  China
• Where was insecure resistant highest?

  Japan and Israel
• Where was insecure resistant lowest?

  UK and Sweden
• Where was insecure avoidant highest?

  West Germany
• Where was insecure avoidant lowest?

  Japan