RIPH

• Ferdinand Magellan


  • Born in Portugal, 1480 and died in 1521
  • Studied mapmaking and navigation
  • First European to cross the Pacific Ocean from the west to far-east
• Antonio Pigafetta


  • Italian scholar and explorer
  • Born in 1491, died in 1531
  • Joined Magellan in his expedition to the Spice Islands
  • His document reveals insight not only about the Philippines during the pre-colonial period but also about how Europeans viewed the country
• Pigafetta's account


  • Shows the mindset during the age of exploration in the 15th-16th century
  • His accounts were written his his perspectives as well
• The First Voyage Around the World by Magellan

  • Published after Pigafetta returned to Italy
  • Written in his firsthand observation and general impression of the Far East (including their experiences in Visayas)
• Ladrones Islands


  • Now known as the Marianas Islands
  • East of the Philippines
• Humunu Island


  • Now called Homonhon
  • Where Pigafetta found what was referred to as the Watering Place of Good Signs
  • Found signs of gold in the island
• March 25, 1521


  1. Magellan saw two Ballanghai (barangay) - a long boat full of people

  2. They exchanged gifts

  3. Magellan refused the gift of a bar of gold and a chest of ginger

  4. Magellan sent an interpreter to the king saying he came as a friend not an enemy

  5. The king responded by giving Magellan provisions
• March 25, 1521


  1. Magellan gave the king Turkish fashion and the people knives and mirrors

  2. The 2 expressed their desire to become brothers

  3. Magellan boasted his armor cannot be struck with weapons

  4. Magellan shared to the king his charts and maps
• March 25, 1521


  1. After a few days, the king introduced Magellan to his brother who was also a king of another island

  2. They went to this island and saw mines of gold

  3. The king's name is Raia Calumbu, king og Zuluan and Calagan

  4. Raia Siagu, was the first king, king of Butuan and Caragua
• March 31, 1521


  1. Easter Sunday, Magellan ordered the chaplain to say a mass by the shore

  2. Both kings participated

  3. Magellan then brought out a cross and explained that with it incoming Spaniards will not cause trouble to their place

  4. This became as the First Mass in the Philippines
• Raha Calumbu


  Offered to pilot Magellan to Zzubu (Cebu), the largest and richest city in the land
• April 7, 1521


  1. Magellan reached Cebu

  2. The king demanded he pay tribute

  3. Magellan refused

  4. The next day they met in an open space

  5. The king offered a bit of his blood and asked Magellan to do the same
• April 9, 1521


  1. Magellan spoke about God the next day and the people were pleased

  2. Magellan then asked the people who would be next in line as king

  3. The people responded it would be the king's daughter

  4. People also talked about how, at old age, parents are no longer regarded and the children will be the next leaders of the land
• Magellan's reaction


  Magellan says that Christianity teaches that children should honor their parents
• April 14, 1521


  The king of Cebu was baptized
• April 22, 1521


  When all the people of the island were already baptized
• Mass at the shore

  1. Was conducted everyday

  2. The king of Cebu swore to be faithful to Magellan

  3. Magellan reiterated that all their idols should be burned

  4. They baptized an old man who could speak after. This was called a miracle
• April 26, 1521


  Zula, a principal man in Mactan, went to see Magellan to ask for a boat full of men to fight Lapulapu
• Lapulapu


  Refused to obey the king nor Magellan
• The battle of Mactan


  1. Magellan's team numbered 49 and the islanders were estimated to be 1,500

  2. The king of Cebu could have sent help but Magellan instructed not to join

  3. The king of Cebu offered gifts of any value for Magellan's body but the chief of Mactan refused

  4. They kept Magellan's body as a memento of their victory
• Duarte Barbosa


  The newly elected captain of the fleet
• Henry


  Magellan's slave and interpreter who betrayed them by conspiring with the king of Cebu
• The king of Cebu


  Invited the last of Magellan's men to gather to present the jewels to be sent to the King of Spain
• Pigafetta


  • Nursed his wound so he did not join the gathering
  • He heard that the men were killed
  • The men were killed except Juan Serrano and Henry and a few others more
• Juan Serrano


  • Was left because of his wounds
  • He was presented to the fleeing group for ransom but they refused
• Ship Victoria


  Was the only one left of the 5 ships of Magellan's Expedition and return to Spain on September 6, 1522
• The Kartilya


  A guidebook for new members of the Katipunan
• Emilio Jacinto


  • Filipino general during the Philippine Revolution
• Andres Bonifacio


  Planned to publish his "Decalogue"
• Earliest mention of the Kartilya in the transcripts of Supreme Assembly

  December 1895
• KKK


  Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan
• The Kartilya was in use during the first stage of the revolt
• The last version contains the same text but bears a different title: "Final Declaration on Admission to the Katipunan (Katapusang Pamamahayag sa Pagpasok sa K)"
• Kartilya ng Katipunan


  • The life that is not consecrated to a lofty and reasonable purpose is a tree without a shade, if not a poisonous weed