LEA 1

• Law


  A system of rules that are created and enforced through social or government institutions to regulate conduct
• Enforcement


  The act of enforcing; ensuring observance of or obedience to; that which enforcer, constraints, gives force, authority, or effect to
• Administration


  The act of managing duties, responsibilities, or rules
• Law Enforcement


  Any system by which some members of government act in an organized manner to enforce the law
• Law Enforcement Administration


  Administrating or managing the enforcement of law in order to ensure its observance or obedience for the common good
• Law Enforcement Agency or Organization


  A government agency that is responsible for the enforcement of the laws
• Enforcement Officer


  A government employee who is responsible for the prevention, investigation, apprehension, or detention of individuals suspected or convicted of offenses against the criminal laws
• Bases of Law Enforcement

  • Crime
  • Law and Order
  • Criminal Law
  • Criminal Justice
• Police


  A body of civil officers, especially in a city, organized under authority to maintain order and enforce the law
• Politia


  The Roman word that "Police" derived from
• Politiea


  The Greek word that "Politia" originated from, meaning "Government of City"
• Law Enforcement and Policing in England

  1. Anglo-Saxon Period (600-1066 AD)

  2. Norman Period (1066-1285)

  3. Westminster Period (1285-1500)

  4. Modern Policing System
• Thanes Policing System


  • Landowners throughout the kingdom were responsible to police their own territory
• Frankpledge Policing System


  • Policing responsibility lies on the hands of the citizens
• Tun Policing System


  • All male residents are required to guard the town
• Hue and Cry


  • Using their voice or a horn
• Trial by Ordeal


  • Suspects are Subjected to physical trial
• Royal Judge System


  • Conduct criminal investigation and give punishment
• Shire-Reeve System


  • King Norman divided the kingdom (England) into 55 military district which is "shire" and "Shire-Reeve" was the ruler who made the laws, pass judgement and impose punishment
• Travelling Judge


  • Held responsible in passing judgement that was taken from the Shire-Reeve in the view of some abuses
• Magna Carta


  • Sealed by King John of England on June 15, 1215 which became a law upon the demand of the king of the knights of the Round Table
• Ledges Henries


  • Law violators were classified as offenses against the king
• Statute of Winchester (1285)


  • Introduced the Watch and Ward System
• Statute of 1295


  • Began closing of the gates of London during sunset, starting the observation of curfew hours
• Justice of the Peace


  • A position given to a respected citizen, who has the power to arrest, pursue and imposed the offenders
• Star Chamber Court


  • Special court that tried offenders against the state
• Henry Fielding


  • Founded or created the Bow Street Runners (Thief-Takers) and became the Chief Magistrate assisted by his half-brother John Fielding
• Bow Street Runners


  • London's first professional police force (originally numbered just eight) and was considered as the foundation to all modern police forces
• Patrick Colquhoun


  • A Scottish magistrate who developed the science of policing, suggesting that the police functions must include detection of crime, apprehension of offenders, and prevention of crime through their presence in public
• Marine Police Force or Thames River Police


  • The first regular professional police force in England
• Sir Robert Peel


  • Established the London Metropolitan Police through Metropolitan Police Act (a bill passed in Parliament in 1829) which became the world's first modern organized police force, later named as Scotland Yard; introduced the techniques in detecting crimes; Father of Modern Policing [law enforcement]
• Law Enforcement and Police in America

  1. Colonial Policing

  2. Modern Policing
• Night Watchmen in Boston (1636)


  • As early as 1636 Boston had Night Watchmen, in addition to a military guard
• Rattle watch


  • Similar to the night watchmen in London created during the reign of King Charles II
• Day Watch in Philadelphia (1833)


  • New York instituted a Day Watch in 1844 as a supplement to its new municipal police force
• Boston Police (1838)


  • First American police force [centralized municipal police department] established in the city of Boston, first publicly funded, organized police force with officers on duty full-time
• August Vollmer


  • Famous for the development of the principles of modern police administration; led innovations at the Berkeley Police Department including the first Modus Operandi (MO) System, scientific investigation, police school, police motorcycle patrol, lie detector, psychiatric screening, crime prevention division, and more; Father of American [Modern] Policing
• Law Enforcement and Police in the Philippines

  1. Pre-Spanish Period

  2. Spanish Period: Colonial Philippines

  3. American Period
• Kin System


  • Practice of the barangay chieftains of the tribe [clan] to select able-bodied young men to protect the tribe members [people] or the barangay during the night
• Nightmen or Bantayans


  • System of policing organized in the year 1500s to patrol the streets of Manila, under the direction of the Alguacil Mayor who provided them with muskets as weapons and alarms bells as their means of communication