T6 Acute Kidney Injury

• What does a GFR below 60 mean?

  Kidney disease.
• What does a GFR of 15 or below mean?

  Kidney failure.
• What is a GFR of 60 or higher indicating?

  Normal renal function.
• What does the acronym RIFLE stand for?

  • Risk
  • Injury
  • Failure
  • Loss
  • ESRD
• What is considered oliguric?

  Less than 400 mL of urine output per day.
• What is a normal serum creatinine level?

  0.6 - 1.3
• How high does creatinine go for risk in RIFLE?

  1.5 times baseline.
• How high does creatinine go for injury in RIFLE?

  2 times baseline.
• Between AKI and CKD, which is more likely to cause death via cardiovascular disease?

  CKD.
• Between CKD and AKI, which is more likely to cause death via infection?

  AKI.
• What are the most common causes of AKI?

  Acute tubular necrosis.
• What is the most common cause for CKD?

  Diabetic nephropathy.
• What labs are elevated with AKI?

  BUN and potassium.
• What is azotemia?

  High levels of nitrogenous waste products in the blood.
• When would you see azotemia?

  AKI.
• What happens do sodium during the oliguric phase?

  Hyponatremia.
• How long does the diuretic phase last?

  1 - 3 weeks.
• What happens during the diuretic phase?

  Excess urine output.
• How long should a diabetic hold off on metformin before using contrast?

  48 hours.
• What is the most serious complication of AKI?

  Hyperkalemia.
• What is the main diet for those with AKI?

  Carbohydrates and fats.
• What should be limited for diet in terms of macronutrients in AKI patients?

  Protein.
• What electrolytes should be restricted for AKI?

  Sodium, potassium, phosphate.