Biology test 2

• Cell


  The basic structural, functional and biological unit of any living organism .
• Tissue


  A group of cells of the same type which work together and carry out the same specialized function.
• Organ


  Tissues which work together and carry out a particular function. form an organ.
• system


  A set of organs working together to carry out an important function.
• organism


  A living thing that consists of a series of systems that work together to enable it to function independently.
• cellular respiration


  Occurs inside every cell within structures called the mitochondria. Glucose is broken down using oxygen.
• peripheral nervous system


  Includes all of the nerves that carry messages to and from the central nervous system and other parts of your body.
• central nervous system


  Includes the brain and spinal cord.
• motor neuron


  Have the opposite function of sensory neurons. and work to carry nerve messages away from the CNS and towards effectors.
• sensory neuron


  Carries messages from cells in the sense organs towards CNS.
• spinal cord


  Assists the brain to communicate with different parts of the body. And mostly, involved in reflex actions.
• cerebrum


  Controls intellectual functions of reasoning your voluntary movements. And receives sensory messages from all body parts.
• cerebellum


  Coordinates fine muscle movements and balance.
• brainstem


  Controls body's vital functions like breathing, blood pressure and heart rate.
• reflex


  extra-rapid responses to stimuli which involve that nervous system but bypass the brain eg. touching something very hot.
• stimulus


  an environmental change eg. heat, noise, light, pain
• receptor


  groups of specialized cells at nerve endings that can detect changes in the environment. Located in sense organs - ears, eyes, nose, tongue and skin
• effector


  the muscles, glands or organs that will put the response into effect. Muscles respond by contracting and glands respond by releasing a hormone.
• negative feedback


  helps our body to keep it's internal conditions stable so that you can function effectively - if it gets too cold and your body temperature decreases the negative feedback kicks in to keep it at 37 degrees.
• vasodilation


  blood vessels close to the skins surface to widen.
• vasoconstriction


  narrowing of the blood vessels near the surface of the skin
• shivering


  a nerve impulse is sent to the muscles which start contracting or shaking.
• homeostasis


  the process of maintaining a constant internal environment - 37 degrees