Statistics

• Statistics


  The science that deals with the collection, organization and presentation, analysis, and interpretation of all kinds of data relevant to the study being considered, so that meaningful conclusion can be drawn
• Statistics involves

  1. Collection of Data

  2. Organization and Presentation of Data

  3. Analysis of Data

  4. Interpretation of Data
• Collection of Data


  The process of gathering information through direct or indirect, observation, registration, and experiment method
• Organization and Presentation of Data


  The process of organizing data into texts, tables, charts, or graphs
• Analysis of Data


  The process of extracting relevant information from the organized collected data. Statistical techniques are needed in this process
• Interpretation of Data


  The process of drawing conclusions from the analyzed data. It involves the formulation of conclusion about a large group based on the gathered data from a small group
• Uses of Statistics

  • Aids in decision-making
  • Gives a precise description of data
  • Predicts the behavior of an individual
  • Can be used to test hypothesis
  • Essential tool in various fields
• Population


  Complete set of individuals, objects, places, events, and reactions having some characteristics in common
• Sample


  A representative cross-section of elements drawn from a population
• Population and Sample

  • All the students in the class are population, the top 10 students in the class are the sample
  • All the members of the parliament is population, the female candidates present there is the sample
  • All the people who have the ID proofs is the population, a group of people who only have voter id with them is the sample
• Parameter


  A numerical characteristic of the population
• Statistic


  A numerical characteristic of the sample
• Parameter and Statistic

  • The population of the town is about 10,000
  • According to a survey in 601 city residents, garbage collection was the service people like the most
  • The average length of egg plant
  • The daily average temperature in the Philippines is 39 degrees Celsius in the past month
  • The scores of 50 students in a mathematics exam are found to range from 20 to 90 out of 100
  • The researcher interviewed the 80% of Covid-19 survivors