SEPARATION OF MIXTURES

• Homogeneous:

  1. Evaporation - liquid to vapor , salt field
  2. Recrystallization - based on difference in solubilities of substances, appropriate solvent of elevated temperatures
  3. Distillation - for homogeneous liquid-liquid mixtures - based on large difference in boiling points - method to purify petroleum products (*distilling flask - laboratory glassware that contain the mixture *condenser - aids in condensation *distillate - product of distillation collection *residue - substance that remains in the distilling flask)
• Common types of distillation process:

  1. Simple distillation - used when there's a large difference in boiling points
  2. Fractional distillation - small difference
  3. Vacuum distillation - very high boiling points
  4. Steam distillation - heat-sensitive
• Classification of Colloids:

  1.Solid Colloids

  • solid-solid - solid sol (ex: Colored glass)
  • liquid-solid - gel (ex: Jell-O)
  • gas-solid - solid foam (ex: styrofoam)

  2.Liquid colloids

  • solid-liquid - liquid sol (ex: ink)
  • liquid-liquid - emulsion (ex: milk) liquid fats and proteins dispersed in water
  • gas-liquid - liquid foam (ex: shaving foam)

  3.Gaseous colloids

  • solid-gas - solid aerosol (ex: smoke)
  • liquid-gas - liquid aerosol (ex: deodorant spray)