PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

• Periodic Table of Elements

  • created by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869
• The most common and lightest elemment in the universe is hydrogen
• The second most abundant element is helium, although it is very rare on Earth.
• The most common element on Earth, by mass, is oxygen.
• Alkali Metals Group 1

  • contain one valence electron, making them very prone to losing that electron
  • Reactive metals
  • Shiny, low melting and boiling temperatures
• What group are Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Caesium, and Francium part of in the periodic table of elements?

  Alkali Metals Group 1
• What group is Magnesium, Calcium, and Strontium part of in the periodic table of elements?

  Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2
• Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2

  • have 2 valence electrons, making them more stable than alkali metals
  • reactive metals
  • Prone to lose electrons to form cations with a 2+ charge
  • Have low melting and boiling temperatures and are glossy and soft
• Halogens Group 17

  • very reactive nonmetals
  • contain 7 valence electrons, which makes them very likely to pick up an electron and create an anion with a 1- charge
  • commonly found as diatomic molecules
  • react quickly to produce salts when combined with alkali metals
• What group are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine, and tennessine part of in the periodic table of elements?

  Halogens Group 17
• Noble Gases Group 18

  • exceptionally stable and unreactive due to their entire octet of valence electrons
  • they are used in several fields, including as lighting, welding, and medicine
• What group are helium, neon, and argon part of in the period table of elements?

  Noble Gases Group 18
• Other nonmetals Group 13 - 16

  • These elements have a variety of properties and can form covalent bonds with other nonmetals or with metals
• What group are carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur part of in the periodic table of elements?

  Other nonmetals Group 13 - 16
• Transition metals Group 3 - 12

  • have high melting and boiling temperatures and are hard and dense
  • may form cations with a range of charges because they contain several valence electrons
  • several uses: fields of building, electronics, and medicine
• Metalloids

  • have both properties of metals and nonmetals
  • intermediate properties between metals and nonmetals (eg. electronconductivity)
  • used in electrons and technologies due to semiconducting properties
• What group are iron, copper, and gold part of in the periodic table of elements?

  Transition Metals Group 3 - 12
• What group are boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium part of in the periodic table of elements?

  Metalloids