Chem Chap 13

• The periodic table

  • Group = colums
  • Period = rows
  • Similar elements are in same group
  • Lanthanides & antinides not in every table
• Atoms/Elements

  • Atoms equal amounts of protons & electrons
  • Atoms have neutral charge
  • Atomic number: Number of electrons
  • Atomic mass: protons + neutrons
• Period

  • Period number = Number of electron shells
  • Bigger = more shells = larger size

  eg:

  • P1 : 1 shell
  • P2 : 2 shells
  • P3 : 3 shells
• Group

  • Group number: Number of valence electrons
  • Valence electrons = electrons on outer shell

  eg:

  • G1 : 1 valence electron
  • G2 : 2 valence electrons
  • G3 : 3 valence electrons
• Group Reactivity

  • G1: Alkali Metals - reactive af
  • G2: Alkaline Metals - not as much as G1
  • G7: Halogens - reactive af
  • G8: Noble Gasses - no reaction

  Extra:

  • G8 also same w G0 / G18
• Element Type Placement

  • Metals : On the left & center
  • Non-metals : Mostly on the right
  • Metalloids : Between the 2, touches the border
• Element States of Matter Placement

  • Solids : On the left, center & right
  • Liquids : ONLY mercury & bromine
  • Gases : Mostly on far right
• Element Reactivity

  Metals: Increases

  • Down the group
  • From right ---> left

  Non-metals: Increases

  • From left ---> right