General Terms

• Cells is the basic unit of life and is the one capable for performing all the functions of life
• Female egg is the largest cell in the human body
• Protoplasm is the cell contents in the form of thick fluid
• Organelles are structures found in the cytoplasm/protoplasm of a cell that perform specific functions.
• The two types of cell are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
• Prokaryotic cell is the first cell type on Earth
• The cell type of the domain archaea and bacteria is prokaryotic
• Prokaryotic cells are cells that have few to none membrane-bound organelles and nucleus
• Nucleoid is the region of the prokaryotic cell where the DNA is found.
• There are two kinds of Eukaryotic cells: Animal and Plant Cells
• Eukaryotic cells are cells that have nucleus and organelles surrounded by membranes
• The main difference between the animal and plant cells is that animal cells don't have a cell wall and chloroplasts, while plant cells don't have centrioles
• The plasma membrane is the outermost layer of the cell and is made up of two layers of phospholipids and one layer of protein
• The main difference between the plasma membrane and the cell wall is that the cell wall is only present in plant cells, while the plasma membrane is present in all cells including the plant cells
• Cell wall is the outermost layer of the cell that provides support and protection to the cell, surrounding its plasma membrane that are found in plants, fungi, algae, and some bacteria
• The cell wall in fungi is made up of chitin
• The cell wall in bacteria is made up of peptidoglycan
• The cell wall in pants is made up of cellulose
• Cilia and flagella of the cell provide motility
• cilia are short and used to move substances outside the human cells
• flagella are long, whip-like extension of the cell membrane that help the cell move, like the sperm cell
• Cytoplasm is the viscous fluid containing organelles
• The main difference between the cytoplasm and protoplasm is that the cytoplasm does not contain a nucleus
• nucleus is the control center of the cell and contains the genetic material of the cell
• the nucleus is bordered by a porous membrane that separates it from rest of the cell called the nuclear envelope
• Chromatin is the combination of DNA and proteins that make up the chromosomes within the nucleus of the cell
• Nucleolus is a small round, found in the center of the nucleus that is responsible for making ribosomal RNA
• ribosomal RNA is part of the ribosome that is responsible for reading the order of amino acids and linking them together
• Chromosomes are found in the nucleus that is made up of DNA, and contains the instructions for traits and characteristics
• Endoplasmic Reticulum is a network of membrane-bound flattened sacs that are involved in the synthesis and transport of lipids and proteins, moves materials around in the cell in general
• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum contains most ribosomes making them look rough, responsible for protein synthesis. It may be sometimes called as Granular Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum is the one that has no ribosomes attached to it, and is responsible for the synthesis of lipids, and has detoxification function. It may also be referred to as Agranular Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Ribosomes are non-membrane bound organelles that are responsible for protein synthesis. They are usually free-floating around the cytoplasm, or attached in the rough endoplasmic reticulum
• Golgi Apparatus are flattened sacs that modifies, packages, stores and transports material, specifically protein, around the other parts, or out of the cell
• Lysosomes are the suicidal bag of the cell. They contain enzymes that digest and recycle materials that is taken up from the outside of the cell or in the inside of the cell itself
• Vacuole is the storage system of the cell is for storage, digestion and waste removal that is more common to plants than animals. They help maintain the shape of the plant
• Centrioles are found only in the animal cell that play a role in cell division and reproduction
• Cytoskeleton is the framework of the cell that provides support, shape and structure to the cell. It is made up of filaments and fibers
• Peroxisomes are parts of the cell that aids in protection and, is the site for oxidative reaction because it contains oxidative enzymes
• Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell, where it produces ATP. It is surrounded by a double membrane, and a size of bacterium