MOD 3

• Computer network


  A group of two or more computer systems linked together by communications channels to share data and information
• Information Technology (IT)


  The practical applications of computing in a work environment, including installing, managing and organizing computer systems, networks and databases
• Informatics


  The study of the processing, managing, and disseminating information with technology
• Informatics


  • Focuses on the intersection of technology, data, and human behavior
  • Can be used to analyze and improve systems and processes in various fields, including healthcare, education, business, and government
• Health informatics


  A field that applies information science principles to improve the quality, safety, and efficiency of health care
• Healthcare informatics


  Using data and information technology to improve clinical outcomes, lower the cost of care and improve both the patient and provider experience
• Health information management


  The practice of acquiring, analyzing, and protecting digital and traditional medical information vital to providing quality patient care

  
• Health Management Information System (HMIS)


  A data collection system specifically designed to support planning, management, and decision-making in health facilities and organizations

  
• HMIS


  1. Assist in managing and planning health programs

  2. Collect clinical studies to understand medical terminologies, clinical procedures, and database processes

  3. Apply management principles to administer the healthcare enterprise

  4. Analyze and implement applications for efficient and effective transfer of patient information

  
• HMIS


  • One of the six building blocks essential for health system strengthening
  • A set of integrated components and procedures organized to generate information that will improve healthcare management decisions at all health system levels
  • A conventional monitoring system that evaluates the process to provide warning signals with indicators
  • Used by the health unit in charge and the Health Unit Management Committee to plan and coordinate health care services in their catchment area

  
• HMIS development


  • The information collected is relevant to the policies and goals of the healthcare institution and the health professionals' responsibilities at the collection level
  • The information collected is functional as it will be used immediately for management and should not wait for higher-level feedback
  • Information collection is integrated, for there is one set of forms and no duplication of reporting
  • The information is collected on a routine basis from every health unit

  
• Role of a health information manager

  Profiles health information<|>Provides health information services and solutions

  
• Health information management


  • Involves data capture, classification and aggregation of health-related data, transposing other skills into the health arena, developing effective communication between clinicians and other health workers, the community, and managing individual data collection processes, data quality, validity, and integrity, and human resources

  
• Primary role of HMIS


  Provide quality information to support decision-making at all levels of the health care system<|>Encourage the use of health information in hospitals<|>Aid in setting performance targets at all levels of health service delivery and to assist in assessing performance at all levels of the health sector

  
• Characteristics of an effective HMIS

  • Complete with all information but avoid duplication and consistently assigning definitions to similar information from various sources
  • Simple to use and clear as to what the elements measure
  • Eligible users must have access and be able to use the system easily
  • Confidentiality of patient information and data privacy should always be a top priority
  • Cost-effective through its operations
• Purpose of HMIS


  Generate quality health information and use that information routinely for management decisions to improve the performance of health services delivery

  
• Functions of HMIS


  1. Data input (data acquisition, data verification)

  2. Data management (data storage, classification, update, computation)

  3. Data output (data retrieval, data presentation)
• Functions of HMIS


  • Client data
  • Scheduling
  • Authorization tracking
  • Billing
  • Accounts receivable management
  • Reporting
  • Medical record (electronic health record)
  • Compliance
  • Financial data

  
• Report writer


  A professional who collects, analyses and converts complex raw data and comprehensive information into written reports that are easy for the average reader or non-technical employees to understand
• Determinants of HMIS performance


  • Behavioral determinants
  • Organizational determinants
  • Technical determinants
• PRISM framework


  A conceptual framework that broadens the analysis of HMIS or RHIS by including behavioral, organizational/environmental, and technical determinants
• Monitoring


  Collecting, analyzing, and using information gathered from programs to learn from the acquired experiences, accounting for the resources used both internally and externally, and obtaining results and making decisions
• Evaluation


  The systematic assessment of completed programs or policies to gauge the program's effectiveness so that adjustments can be made in areas that need improvement
• Purpose of monitoring and evaluation (M&E)


  Assess the effect of integrated service delivery, guide the successful implementation of integrated services, and measure the effect on both service delivery and the use of services
• M&E framework


  • Places health strategy and related M&E processes of each country at the center
  • Strengthens a common country platform for the M&E of health system strengthening
  • Includes four components: indicator domains, data collection, analysis and synthesis, and communication use

  
• The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) is a federal law requiring national standards to protect sensitive patient health information from being disclosed without the patient's consent or knowledge
• Framework


  Places health strategy and related M&E processes of each country at the center

  
• Common country platform for the M&E of HSS

  The framework's core
• Strengthening a common country platform for the M&E of HSS

  Leads to better alignment, and monitoring funding for health systems is easy
• Four components of the framework

  • Indicator domains
  • Data collection
  • Analysis and synthesis
  • Communication use
• These components are intended to achieve greater health impact
• Indicators for monitoring medical services


  Should be tracked to assess the processes of results associated with the various indicator domains

  
• This provides the strength and weaknesses of implementation and can be used for troubleshooting in the system
• Outcome and impact indicators may not be directly caused by service delivery efforts, as there are other factors to consider
• However, these data are still useful in understanding the current health status and context within a country
• Shifts in the outcome and impact indicators may not be directly attributable to integrated service delivery efforts, as many other factors influence these indicators
• However, it can be useful to collect these data to understand the broader health context within a country and how packages of interventions can lead to impact over time
• M&E plan


  Addresses the components of the framework and establishes the foundation for regular reviews during the implementation of the plan for the national level
• Local M&E systems generate information for global monitoring based on the health sector review processes, which are considered key factors in monitoring the progress and performance of the entire system

  
• Medical institutions are monitored and evaluated through

  • Assessment of reports
  • Surveys
  • HMIS
  • Other evaluation studies