ICT 8

• Compiler


  Computer software that translates (compiles) source code written in a high-level language (e.g., C++) into a set of machine-language instructions
• Language


  A system of conventional spoken or written symbols by means of which human beings, as members of a social group and participants in its culture, express themselves
• History


  Studies the chronological record of events
• Programming


  The process of developing and implementing various sets of instructions to enable a computer to do a certain task
• Program


  A series of human understandable computer instructions that can be read by a compiler and linker
• First Computer Program Created By Ada Lovelace

  1842 - 1843
• Ada Lovelace worked on the Charles Babbage's analytical engine and detailed a method for calculating Bernoulli numbers with the Engine
• Census Data Punch Cards Encoded by Herman Hollerith


  1890
• Plankalkil developed for the german Z3 by Konrad Zuse


  1943-1945
• Plankalkil


  An early high-level programming language to be designed for a computer but was not implemented
• Short code developed by John Mauchly


  1949
• Short code


  One of the first high-level languages ever developed for an electronic computer, where statements are represented by mathematical expressions
• Manchester Mark Developed by Alick Glennie


  1952
• Manchester Mark


  Considered as first compiled high-level programming language that automatically converts language into machine code
• Fortran created by John Backus


  1957
• Fortran


  For numeric and scientific computing (as an alternative to assembly language), the oldest programming language used today (e.g. by NASA)
• COBOL - Common Business - Oriented Language created by Short Range Committee


  1959
• COBOL


  High-level language primarily for business computing, first programming language mandated by the US Department of Defense. Used for business software, credit cards, ATMs
• The Terminator movie used samples of COBOL source code for the text shown in the Terminator's vision display
• BASIC (Beginner's All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) created by John George Kenny and Thomas Eugene Kurtz


  1964
• BASIC


  Designed for simplicity, often used for computer games (e.g. Microsoft's Altair, Apple II)
• Pascal (Blaise Pascal) created by Niklaus Wirth


  1970
• Pascal


  For teaching structured programming and data structuring, commonly used for Windows applications (e.g. SKYPE)
• C created by Dennis Ritchie of Bell Labs


  1972
• C


  Currently the world's most popular programming language, many leading languages are derivatives (e.g. C#, Java, JavaScript, Perl, PHP, Python), used for system programming and computer game development (e.g. UNIX)
• ADA (After Ada Lovelace) created by Jean Ichbian


  1980
• ADA


  Derived from Pascal, for developing large software systems, used by the Department of Defense, banking, manufacturing, transportation, commercial aviation
• C++ (Formerly C with Classes) creator Bjarne Stroustrup


  1983
• C++


  An extension of C, with enhancements such as classes, virtual functions, and templates, used for commercial application development, embedded software, server/client applications, video games (e.g. Adobe, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Internet Explorer)
• Objective-C (Object- Oriented Extension of "C") Creator: Brad Cox and Tom Love of Stepstone

  1983
• Objective-C


  Expanded on C, adding message-passing functionality based on Smalltalk language, used by Apple's OS X and iOS operating systems
• PYTHON (for British Comedy Troupe Monty Python) creator: Guido Van Rossum of CWI


  1991
• PYTHON


  Created to support a variety of Programming styles and be fun to use, used for web application, software development, information security (e.g. Google, Yahoo, Spotify)
• RUBY (The birthstone of one of the creator's collaborator) creator: Yukihiro Masumoto


  1993
• RUBY


  Designed for productive and enjoyable programming, used for web application development (e.g. Twitter, Hulu, Groupon)
• Java creator - James Gosling of Microsystems

  1994
• Java


  Made for an interactive TV project, cross-platform functionality, second most popular language (behind C), used for network programming, web application development, software development, Graphical User Interface development (e.g. Android OS/apps)
• PHP (Personal Homepage) creator: Rasmus Lerdorf

  1995
• PHP


  For building dynamic web pages, most widely used open-source software by enterprises, used for building/maintaining dynamic web pages, server-side development (e.g. Facebook, Wikipedia, Digg, WordPress, Joomla)
• Javascript (FInal choice after "Mocha" and "Livescript") creator: Bremdam Eich of netscape

  1996