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Biology
life functions
reproduction
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Cards (38)
Sexual reproduction
Process of creating
new
individual using
two
parent organisms
Asexual reproduction
Process of creating
new
individual using
one
parent organism
Offspring
New
organism
that results from
reproduction
Gamete
Sex cell
(in males:
sperm
; in females:
eggs
)
Fertilization
The
joining
of
gametes
to form a new
organism
Zygote
Cell formed during the
fusion
of two
gametes
Binary
fission
Single parent
cell doubles its DNA, then divides into two
cells
Budding
Small
growth
on surface of parent
breaks off
, resulting in the formation of two individuals
Fragmentation
Organisms break into
two
or more
fragments
that
develop
into a
new
individual
Parthenogenesis
An embryo develops from an
unfertilized
cell
Types of
asexual
reproduction
Binary fission
Budding
Fragmentation
Parthenogenesis
Sexual reproduction
is not necessarily "
better
" than
asexual reproduction
, or vice versa
Budding
and
fragmentation
are not the same thing
Some organisms are able to do both
sexual
and
asexual
reproduction
In a
hermaphroditic
situation, two
gametes
are involved, so it is considered
sexual reproduction
Parthenogenesis
Asexual reproduction
in which an
unfertilized
egg develops into a
new
individual
Organisms that exhibit parthenogenesis
Some
invertebrates
Some
fish
Some
amphibians
Some
reptiles
Parthenogenesis
in
cold-blooded
organisms
May be related to them being
cold-blooded
Parthenogenesis triggered by
sperm
1.
Sperm
cells
penetrate
the
egg
2. Sperm later
degenerates
3. Only
maternal chromosomes
remain
In
parthenogenesis
triggered by
sperm
, the sperm makes no
genetic
contribution</b>
Budding
A form of
asexual reproduction
in
yeast cells
Cell division
1.
Single
cell divides to make
two
cells
2.
Two
cells divide to make
four
cells
3. And so on
Yeast
A
unicellular
fungus, an example result of
budding
Bacteria
Belong to the Kingdom
Monera
Both
asexual
and
sexual
reproduction require
DNA
Viruses are not considered
living
because they require a
host
to
replicate
Beluga whales reproduce
sexually
Fragmentation reproduction
(e.g. in
starfish
) results in
clones
with the same
DNA
as the original
Propagating
a plant cutting is an example of
clonal reproduction
with the same
DNA
as the
parent
plant
sporulation-
the spore formation as in
fern plants
and
mushrooms
budding
-
yeast
cells produce
buds
that grow into new
organisms
, e.g.
hydra
fragmentation
- some animals can
break off
part of their body which grows into a whole new animal, e.g.
planaria
asexual reproduction
produces offspring genetically
identical
to parents
sexual reproduction
involves
fusion
of
gametes
from
two different
individuals
asexual reproduction
involves only
one parent
fertilisation
occurs when
sperm
cell
unites
with
egg
cell
meiosis
reduces
chromosome number by
half
so that there are
haploid gametes
in
sexual reproduction
,
genetic variation
occurs due to
recombination
of genes during
crossing over