reproduction

Cards (38)

  • Sexual reproduction
    Process of creating new individual using two parent organisms
  • Asexual reproduction
    Process of creating new individual using one parent organism
  • Offspring
    New organism that results from reproduction
  • Gamete
    Sex cell (in males: sperm; in females: eggs)
  • Fertilization
    The joining of gametes to form a new organism
  • Zygote
    Cell formed during the fusion of two gametes
  • Binary fission
    Single parent cell doubles its DNA, then divides into two cells
  • Budding
    Small growth on surface of parent breaks off, resulting in the formation of two individuals
  • Fragmentation
    Organisms break into two or more fragments that develop into a new individual
  • Parthenogenesis
    An embryo develops from an unfertilized cell
  • Types of asexual reproduction

    • Binary fission
    • Budding
    • Fragmentation
    • Parthenogenesis
  • Sexual reproduction is not necessarily "better" than asexual reproduction, or vice versa
  • Budding and fragmentation are not the same thing
  • Some organisms are able to do both sexual and asexual reproduction
  • In a hermaphroditic situation, two gametes are involved, so it is considered sexual reproduction
  • Parthenogenesis
    Asexual reproduction in which an unfertilized egg develops into a new individual
  • Organisms that exhibit parthenogenesis
    • Some invertebrates
    • Some fish
    • Some amphibians
    • Some reptiles
  • Parthenogenesis in cold-blooded organisms

    May be related to them being cold-blooded
  • Parthenogenesis triggered by sperm
    1. Sperm cells penetrate the egg
    2. Sperm later degenerates
    3. Only maternal chromosomes remain
  • In parthenogenesis triggered by sperm, the sperm makes no genetic contribution</b>
  • Budding
    A form of asexual reproduction in yeast cells
  • Cell division
    1. Single cell divides to make two cells
    2. Two cells divide to make four cells
    3. And so on
  • Yeast
    A unicellular fungus, an example result of budding
  • Bacteria
    Belong to the Kingdom Monera
  • Both asexual and sexual reproduction require DNA
  • Viruses are not considered living because they require a host to replicate
  • Beluga whales reproduce sexually
  • Fragmentation reproduction (e.g. in starfish) results in clones with the same DNA as the original
  • Propagating a plant cutting is an example of clonal reproduction with the same DNA as the parent plant
  • sporulation- the spore formation as in fern plants and mushrooms
  • budding - yeast cells produce buds that grow into new organisms, e.g. hydra
  • fragmentation - some animals can break off part of their body which grows into a whole new animal, e.g. planaria
  • asexual reproduction produces offspring genetically identical to parents
  • sexual reproduction involves fusion of gametes from two different individuals
  • asexual reproduction involves only one parent
  • fertilisation occurs when sperm cell unites with egg cell
  • meiosis reduces chromosome number by half so that there are haploid gametes
  • in sexual reproduction, genetic variation occurs due to recombination of genes during crossing over