SOUL AND SPIRIT

• Soul(BIBLICAL BELIEFS)

  The conscious, moral, and thinking part of a person that is immortal and will go to hell, purgatory, or heaven after the person dies
• Spirit(BIBLICAL BELIEFS)

  The holy spirit, the third part of the trinity, the force of God through which blessings are bestowed upon his people
• As one develops in the faith, he or she is said to be growing spiritually
• Soul (Western culture)

  Someone's moral consciousness, e.g. a cruel killer could be said to have no soul
• Spirit (Western culture)


  Ghosts or any other supernatural beings, the souls of people who died with unfinished business wander the earth until their task is fulfilled
• Soul (Eastern culture)

  Part of the person that has dharma, one's obligation with respect to caste, social custom, civil law, and sacred law, which incurs karma
• Spirit (Eastern culture)

  Nature and ancestor spirits are common in Taoism, Shinto places an emphasis on shamanism, particularly divination, spirit possession, and faith healing, Confucianism tolerates the Chinese folk recognition of the existence of animistic spirits, ghosts, and deities
• Soul (Ifugao)


  Linnawa or "soul of the dead"
• Soul (Isneg)

  Kaduwa, believed to cross a pond in a ferry piloted by a kutaw (spirit)
• Soul (Kankanaey)

  Ab-abiik, when spirits summon a person's ab-abiik, he or she becomes sick, a ritual will be performed to appease the spirit who summoned the ab-abiik so that it will allow the ab-abiik to return to its body, and the person recovers from the illness
• Soul (Tagalog)

  Kaluluwa, refers more to the soul of the deceased, the soul of a living person is called a kakambal, the kakambal leaves the physical body at night to roam, and any bad encounter causes bangungot (nightmare)
• Ilokano soul system

  • Kararua - the soul proper, equivalent of a soul in the Christian concept
  • Karkarma - the natural vigor, mind, and reason, can leave the physical body when one is frightened, can also be stolen, if it fails to return the person becomes insane
  • Aniwaas - can leave the body during sleep and visits places familiar to the body, if one wakes up while the aniwaas is visiting these places, he or she may lose the aniwaas and become insane
  • Araria - the liberated soul of the dead, visits relatives and friends in the physical world to ask for prayers, can also perform a duty it failed to do in life, the howling of dogs means araria is present, this soul can make sounds and manipulate physical objects usually relating to what it did in life
• Soul (Ibanag/Ybanag)


  Ikaruruwa, the soul has physical characteristics like color, the souls of dead babies can reach adulthood in the spirit realm, the role of the soul is to give direction and wholeness to the man, but the body can survive without the soul, and even without the body the soul experiences material wants and needs
• Souls (Hanunoo Mangyan)

  • Karaduwa tawu/tawo (human soul)
  • Karaduwa manok (chicken soul)
  • Karaduwa baboy (pig soul)
  • Karaduwa kuti (cat soul)
  • Karaduwa hipon (shrimp soul)
• Souls (Tagbanwa)


  One true soul or kiyarulwa given at birth by the god Magindusa, five secondary souls located in both hands and feet, and one in the head just below the air whorl (alimpuyo)
• Souls (Bukidnon)

  Gimukod - two types: (1) the one in the right hand is the good soul, associated with life, health, activity, and joy, (2) the one in the left hand is the bad soul, the cause of lethargy, pain and illness
• (ETHYMOLOGY) Old English for soul was sawol that meant the spiritual and emotional part of a person’s animate existence. Meanwhile, spirit is directly from Latin spiritus and breathing (respiration, and of the wind), breath, breath of God, hence, inspiration, breath of life.
• In Hinduism and Buddhism, karma is the sum of a person’s actions in this and previous states of existence. The fate of one’s future existences depends on one’s karma.
• IBANAG/YBANAG soul as ikaruruwa and the body as baggi.