ncma218 M3-4

• All of the principles discussed in this module presuppose that nurses have respect for the value  and uniqueness of persons.
• . Codes of nursing ethics  explicitly state that respect for persons is a cornerstone of professional ethics.
• the ethical principle of respect for autonomy denotes the ethical obligation to  honor the autonomy of other persons
•  The word ____ literally means self-governing.

  autonomy
• Autonomy


  denotes having the freedom to make choices about issues that affect one’s life, free  from lies, restraint, or coercion.
• informed consent


  Relates to the process by which the patients are informed of the possible outcomes,  alternatives, and the risks of treatments, and are required to give their consent freely
• informed consent


  This is usually discussed in relation to surgery or  complex medical procedures. Common intervention like immunization and certain methods of  contraceptive need __________
• exemption to informed consent

  Emergencies when there is no time to disclose the information, waivers of patients who do not  want to know their prognosis or risk of treatment. 
• Ethical and Legal Elements of informed Consent. 

  process of shared decision making based upon mutual respect  and participation , not a ritual to be equated with reciting the contents of a form that details the  risks of particular treatment. 
• Information


   Includes disclosure and understanding of the essential information: the nature of  health concern and prognosis if nothing is done.
• Consent


   Implies the freedom to accept or reject it, it means that consent to health care  intervention must be voluntary, without coercion, force or manipulation from health care  provider and family
• Paternalism


  gender biased term that literally means acting in fatherly manner, that denotes leadership,  benevolent decision making, protection and discipline.
• Parentalism 


  Translates to professionals who restricts other autonomy to protect the person form perceived  or anticipated harm.
• Paternalism

  this is appropriate when the patient is judged to be incompetent or have  diminished decision making capacity; unconscious post op patient, older client, children, and 

  teen agers.
• Noncompliance 


  Denoting unwillingness of the patient to participate in health care activities; taking  medications as scheduled, maintaining therapeutic or weight loss diet, exercising regularly,  and quitting smoking
• Privacy

  refers to the right of an individual to  control the personal information or secrets that are disclosed to others. Privacy is a fundamental right of  individuals 
• confidentiality


  demands nondisclosure of private or secret  information about another person with which one is entrusted
• Magna Carta


  Legal document
• Grievance

  An official statement of a complaint over something believed to be wrong or unfair. Magna Carta of Patient’s Rights and Obligations act of 2017 (Philippines)  
• Ethical issues


  commonly examined in terms of a number of ethical principles Ethical principles  are basic and obvious moral truths that guide deliberation and action
• fidelity


   relates to the concept of faithfulness and the practice of keeping  promises.
• justice


  ethical principle that relates to fair, equitable, and appropriate treatment in light of  what is due or owed to persons, recognizing that giving things to some will deny receipt to others  who might otherwise have received those thing
• distributive justice.


  the most  relevant application of the principle focuses on distribution of goods and services
• beneficence


   to do good.
• beneficence


   act in ways that benefit  patients.
• major components of beneficence


  do or promote good, prevent  harm, and remove evil or harm
• . The principle of  beneficence also requires us to _____

  prevent or remove harm
• The principle of nonmaleficence is related to _____

  beneficence
• nonmaleficence requires us to avoid actually _____

  causing harm
• non maleficence


   avoiding harm as a consequence of doing good. In such cases, the  harm must be weighed against the expected benefit.
• The first principle that proposes to distinguish between a good and an evil is the

  theory of double  effect.
• Derived from Summa Theologica

  Principle of double effect
• Principle of Legitimate Cooperation

  To achieve a well-formed conscience, one should always judge it unethical to cooperate formally with an immoral act (that is, directly to intend the evil act itself), but one may sometimes judge it to be an ethical duty to cooperate materially with an immoral act (that is, only indirectly intend its harmful consequences) when only in this way can a greater harm be prevented,
• Types of cooperation 

  formal, immediate, mediate
• occurs when a person or organization freely participates in  the actions of a principal agent. Implicit formal cooperation occurs when even though  the cooperator denies intending the object of the principal agent , the cooperator participates in the action. 

  formal
• immediate material cooperation


   occurs when the cooperator participates in circumstances that are essential to the commission of an act, such the act could not occur without this participation. A debate on about duress wherein an act was done at gun point
• mediate material cooperation


  occurs when the cooperator participates in circumstances that are not essential to the commission of the action, such that the action could occur even without cooperation.
• common good


  as been used in various contexts to identify actions or outcomes that have some definable benefit that extends beyond individual gain.
• what are the 3 principles?

  Principle of double effect, Principle of Legitimate Cooperation, Principle of common good and subsidiarity
• what are the 7 ethics principle

  respect for persons, autonomy, confidentiality, fidelity, justice, beneficence, non maleficence