Islam and belief system

• Idol worship

  Practiced in Hinduism
• Moksha

  Reunion of the soul with the ultimate soul, Brahman
• Idol worship is not about worshipping stone or wood but rather Brahman (God) who is in that stone or wood (manifested in the form of a devata)
• Brahman

  Can turn into Trimurti
• Trimurti

  • Brahma
  • Vishnu
  • Shiva
• Brahma

  • Creator God
  • Four heads (4 vedas): Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharva;
  • four epochs time: past, present, future and Moksha
  • four varnas/classes: Brahmin, Kshatriya,Vaisya and Shudra
• Vishnu

  • Preserver God; supports and sustains the universe
  • Blue colored and have four arms
  • hold padma (lotus), Gada (mace), Shankha (conch) and chakra (wheel)
• Shiva

  • Destroyer God
  • Handsome and strong man, deep in meditation or dancing
• Animism

  From the word "anima" (life or soul)<|>Belief that physical objects have souls and spiritual power (nature has humanlike thoughts and actions, have spirit)

  belief in innumerable spiritual beings concerned with human affairs and capable of helping or harming human interests
• They worship these soul, animate, inanimate beings to survive
• Iban people believe in the existence of life after death

  When people die their soul (spirit or semengat) can be risen again (Iban) resurrected and live among them
• Kadazandusun beliefsin god and evil spirits


  • Rogon: Spirits that harm people
  • Divato: Helping spirit
  • Tombiruvo: Souls of the dead
  • Bambarayon: Rice spirits
• Atheism

  Does not believe in god or gods
• Types of Atheism

  • Humanism
  • Materialism
• Humanism

  Belief in human efforts and skills rather than religion based on divine intervention

  human are intelligent creatures who can manage their lives without religion

  some humanist bravely assert that humans are the creator of religion and that religion is not the creator of the humans
• Monotheism

  Belief in one God whose nature is highly elevated, far beyond human conceptions
• Islam is related to the term Tawhid

  Belief in one personal God, Allah SWT is characterised with absolute singularity

  know as Tawhidullah or the unity of Allah<|>Requires acknowledgement and adoration of one single universal Lord<|>Not a theory formed by humans but instead a belief derived from divine revelations
• Islam is counted as absolute monotheism as it promotes a belief in one God who is also the creator god and supreme with no association with his divinity at all
• From Islam perspectives, Christianity and Judaism are no longer authentic revealed religions since they changed their scriptures and teachings

  Muslim should neither accept nor reject the old and new testaments verse that are not available in the Quran and hadith as no one know the truth except Allah SWT

  Thus, Islam is the only authentic religion
• Sikhism

  Believes that God is the creator and the sustainer of the universe<|>God is formless, eternal and also is immanent in His creation<|>Can be found inside one's own heart through proper techniques and state of mind (meditation)

  -ultimate names: Sat Nam (the Truh Name) or Waheguru (wonderful lord)

  -The devotees must love God through inward meditation and unselfish devotion
• Sikhism is counted as Pantheism
• Polytheism

  Originates from the word "polutheon" (many gods)

  a belief in and worship of multiple divinities or gods
• Types of Polytheism

  • Idolatry
  • Animism
• Idolatry

  Dedicating or worshipping earthly and supernatural beings as representation of God<|>Often expressed as a replacement for God through over respecting someone like a national hero, leader, prophet and etc.
• Types of Monotheism

  • Absolute monotheism
  • Qualified monotheism
  • Shared divinity
  • pantheism
• Absolute monotheism

  Belief in one god who is also the creator god
• Qualified monotheism

  Belief in one creator god and this god appears or takes expressions in other forms
• Shared divinity

  Belief in one god but god shares divinity or bestows equal divinity on other gods
• Judaism

  • show in the opening line of shema
  • Yahweh as the sole creator
  • Ten commandments, first four related to the unity of god
  • First commandements-he is the only lord who freed israel from the perseceution of egyptian rulers
  • Jewish monotheism is associated with the concept of Chosen community (gives land of others to his selected community)
  • Regard their ethnic and political identity as permanent value
  • God choose them without any reason
  • Hebrew is better than non-Hebrew simply because he is Hebrew
• Jewish monotheism counted as shared divinity
• Types of Christianity

  • Unitarian
  • Trinity
• Unitarian

  Belief Father as the only god and Jesus was a messenger of god<|>his followers known as Arianism, unitarianism, socinianism

  -the former regards Jesus to be above other human beings but a bit below God, The father; the father higher than all humans
• Trinity

  God is three in one: Father, Son and Holy spirit (co-existing and co-eternal)<|>Father is the creator of all things, Son is Jesus Christ (the saviour and redeemer of the original sin who gives life to all) and Holy spirit is the one that make things holy and carrying out will of father
• Unitarian and Trinity counted as shared divinity monotheism as unitarian gives a certain degree of divinity to jesus while trinitarian belief no one god who has power over everything
• Trinity is also qualified monotheism due to the assertion god the father incarnates and manifest himself in God the son
• Holistic in educational process

  Curriculums, pedagogy, teaching strategies and technology for teaching and learning is important to ease every type of knowledge seekers and educational process
• Belief system

  A set of ideas and concepts that help a person to view reality in which life is understood
• Types of belief systems

  • Theism
  • Atheism
• Theism

  Systems that believe in the existence of god, gods or deities
• Atheism

  Systems that reflect the philosophies and school of thought marked by disbelief in god