Maternal & Child Care 1 &2

• Puerperal sepsis is the second leading cause of maternal mortality
• The most common cause of maternal death is hemorrhage
• The most common organism causing puerperal sepsis is Escherichia coli (E.coli)
• Maternal mortality refers to deaths that occur during pregnancy, childbirth or within 42 days following termination of pregnancy from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes.
• Sturge-Weber syndrome


  Port-wine birthmark on skin of upper part of the face that follows the trigeminal nerve; hemiparesis on side opposite lesion; intractable seizures, cognitive challenge; glaucoma; calcification of involved cerebral cortex
• Neurofibromatosis


  Irregular, excessive skin pigmentation followed by café-au-lait spots followed by soft cutaneous tumors, possible seizures followed by subcutaneous tumors; hearing impairment, vision loss
• Thalassemia major

  Also called Cooley's anemia or Mediterranean anemia; Unable to produce normal beta Hgb; Hypochromic and microcytic RBC; Fragmented poikilocytes and basophilic stippling is present; Hgb level is less than 5g/100 mL; Serum iron level is high
• Polycytemia


  Increase in the # of RBCs; Results from increase erythropoiesis which occurs as compensatory response to insufficient oxygenation of the blood; Causes in childhood is due to chronic pulmonary disease or CHD; May also occur from the lower oxygen level maintained during intrauterine life in newborns or twin transfusion at birth
• Gestational Diabetes


  High blood sugar levels during pregnancy, increasing risks for mother and baby
• Preeclampsia


  High blood pressure and signs of organ damage in pregnancy, potentially leading to serious complications
• Eclampsia


  Severe form of preeclampsia with seizures, a critical condition for both mother and baby
• Hyperemesis Gravidarum


  Severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, leading to dehydration and weight loss
• Placenta Previa


  Placenta covers the cervix, causing bleeding and complicating delivery
• Placental Abruption


  Placenta detaches from the uterus prematurely, risking maternal and fetal health
• Preterm Labor


  Labor before 37 weeks of gestation, increasing risks of complications for the baby
• Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)

  Fetus is smaller than expected, potentially due to placental issues or maternal factors
• Oligohydramnios


  Low amniotic fluid, affecting fetal development and increasing risks during delivery
• Polyhydramnios


  Excessive amniotic fluid, associated with maternal and fetal complications
• Ectopic Pregnancy


  Fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, often in a fallopian tube, requiring emergency treatment
• Rh Incompatibility

  Mother's immune system attacks fetal red blood cells, leading to anemia in the baby
• Gestational Hypertension


  High blood pressure during pregnancy without organ damage, but can lead to preeclampsia
• Cholestasis of Pregnancy

  Liver condition causing severe itching, with potential risks to the fetus
• Postpartum Hemorrhage


  Excessive bleeding after childbirth, requiring immediate intervention
• Asthma


  Chronic respiratory condition causing wheezing and difficulty breathing due to airway inflammation
• Bronchiolitis


  Viral infection of the bronchioles, commonly in infants, leading to cough and breathing difficulties
• Gastroenteritis


  Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, often due to infection, causing diarrhea and vomiting
• Upper Respiratory Infections


  Common colds or infections affecting the nose, throat, and airways
• Otitis Media


  Infection or inflammation of the middle ear, common in young children, causing ear pain and fever
• Chickenpox (Varicella)

  Viral infection causing an itchy rash and flu-like symptoms, preventable by vaccine
• Measles


  Highly contagious viral infection with a characteristic rash, preventable by vaccination
• Mumps


  Viral infection causing swelling of salivary glands, preventable by the MMR vaccine
• Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease


  Viral illness causing sores in the mouth and a rash on hands and feet
• Whooping Cough (Pertussis)


  Bacterial infection causing severe coughing fits, preventable by vaccination
• Kawasaki Disease


  Inflammatory condition affecting blood vessels, mainly in children, leading to fever and rash
• Scarlet Fever


  Bacterial infection following strep throat, characterized by a red rash and fever
• Croup


  Viral infection causing a barking cough and difficulty breathing due to airway swelling
• Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection


  Common viral infection in infants, leading to respiratory issues
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

  Neurodevelopmental disorder marked by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness