Radana

• Radiographic Anatomy and Physiology
• Ramy M. Yalung, RRT is the Instructor
• Almighty God: 'We glorify you for giving us the Angelite Charism. We thank you for the gift of your Son, Jesus Christ, who is the way, Truth and Life. We bless you for the continuous guidance of the Holy Spirit.'
• Almighty God: 'Grant us, we pray, COURAGE and STRENGTH that we may give perpetual praise to you in whatever we do.'
• Oh Holy Guardian Angels: 'Guide us and Protect us!'
• Laus Deo Semper!
• Anatomic Position


  The patient stands erect with the face and eyes directed forward, arms extended by the sides with the palms of the hands facing forward, heels together, and toes pointing anteriorly
• Anatomic Position


  An upright position with arms abducted slightly (down), palms forward, and head and feet directed straight ahead
• Anatomy? Physiology? Osteology?
• What should you know as future radiographers?

  • To VISUALIZE mentally the internal structures that are to be radiographed
  • By using external landmarks = properly position body parts to obtain the BEST diagnostic radiographs possible
• Sagittal Plane


  Any longitudinal plane that divides the body into right and left parts

  
• Midsagittal Plane


  Midline sagittal plane that divides the body into equal right and left parts
• Coronal Plane


  Any longitudinal plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts/segments
• Midcoronal Plane


  Midline sagittal plane that divides the body into equal anterior and posterior parts
• Horizontal Plane


  Passes crosswise through the body or body part at right angles to the longitudinal axis<|>Positioned at a right angle to the sagittal and coronal planes<|>Divides the body into superior and inferior portions

  
• Oblique Plane


  A longitudinal or transverse plane that is at an angle or slant and is not parallel to the sagittal, coronal, or horizontal plane
• Interiliac Plane


  Transects the pelvis at the top of the iliac crests at the level of the fourth lumbar spinous process<|>Used in positioning the lumbar spine, sacrum, and coccyx
• Occlusal Plane


  Horizontal plane formed by the biting surfaces of the upper and lower teeth with jaws closed<|>Used as a reference plane of the head for cervical spine, positioning the odontoid process and skull radiography
• Thoracic Cavity


  Pleural membranes<|>Lungs<|>Trachea<|>Esophagus<|>Pericardium<|>Heart and great vessels
• Abdominal Cavity


  Intestines<|>Kidneys<|>Ureters<|>Major blood vessels<|>Rectum<|>Urinary bladder<|>Parts of the reproductive system<|>Peritoneum<|>Liver<|>Gallbladder<|>Pancreas<|>Spleen<|>Stomach
• Quadrants


  Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)<|>Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)<|>Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)<|>Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
• A patient was described as having "epigastric" pain
• A patient with discomfort in the R lower abdomen could be described as having "RLQ" pain
• Surface Landmarks


  • Protuberances
  • Tuberosities
  • Other external indicators related to body structures at the same level
• Plantar


  Sole or posterior surface of the foot
• Dorsal


  Top or anterior surface of the foot (dorsum pedis)<|>Back or posterior aspect of the hand (dorsum manus)
• Palmar


  Palm of the hand; in the anatomic position, the same as the anterior or ventral surface of the hand
• Importance of Body Habitus

  • Determines the size, shape, and position of the organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities
• Body Habitus Types


  Sthenic or Hyposthenic<|>Asthenic<|>Hypersthenic
• Sthenic and Hyposthenic are the dominant type of habitus, referred to in clinical practice as ordinary or average
• Bontrager, K.L. & Lampignano, J.P. (2014). Textbook of radiographic positioning and related anatomy. (8th ed.). Elsevier.
• Long, B., Rollins, J.H., & Smith, B. (2016). Merrill's atlas of radiographic positioning and procedures. (13th ed., Vol. 1-3). Elsevier Mosby.