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• Bacteria Slime Capsule protects the bacteria and prevents it from dehydrating
• Bacteria Cell wall maintains the shape of the bacterium
• Bacteria Cell Membrane controls the entry and exit of substances
• Bacteria Cytoplasm has Ideal conditions for cellular reactions
• Bacteria Genetic material controls the cellular reactions
• Bacteria Flagella allows the bacteria to move
• Bacteria reproduce via a process called BINARY FISSION
• Binary Fission: Asexual reproduction where the parent bacteria splits into

  two daughter bacteria by mitosis.

  1. The DNA copies itself.
  2. The cell membrane pinches the cytoplasm in half.
  3. Two identical bacterium form.
• Nutrition: Bacteria feed by a process called Extracellular Digestion.

  1. Bacteria secrete enzymes onto their food source.
  2. Enzymes chemically digest the food into smaller molecules outside the bacterium.
  3. The bacteria then absorb the digested food.
• yeast reproduce by budding
• Nutrition: Fungi feed by Extracellular Digestion.

  1. The hyphae of fungi secrete enzymes onto their food source.
  2. The enzymes chemically digest the food into smaller molecules outside the hyphae.
  3. The fungi then absorb the digested food.
• Yeast undergoes fermentation when bread and beer is made.

  Ethanol is the alcohol produced.

  This is evaporated away when bread is baked.

  Carbon dioxide gas trapped in bread makes it rise and gives beer its bubbles.
• 1. Protein coat (capsid) to protect the genetic material.
  2. Genetic material that holds the instructions to replicate more viruses.
  3. Spike protein that allows these viruses to penetrate host cells.
• A virus attaches themselves to the cell.

  The virus penetrates the cell membrane and injects its genetic material into the cell.

  The viral genetic material instructs the cell to construct viral protein coats and genetic material.

  The new protein coats and genetic material are assembled into new viruses.

  This occurs until the cell bursts and the new viruses are released to attack more cells.
• A Decomposer is an organism that feeds on and breaks down dead

  plant or animal matter, making organic nutrients available to the ecosystem.
• nitrogen cycle

  1. Nitrogen fixation
  2. Nitrification
  3. Denitrification
  4. Ammonification
  5. Assimilation
• carbon cycle

  1. Decomposition
  2. Photosynthesis
  3. Respiration
  4. Carbon sequestration
  5. Methane Production and Consumption
• pathogen/pathogenic- disease causing microorganism
• Yeast cells make CO2 and alcohol (ethanol) when they carry

  out feeding or respiration (fermentation) - anaerobic respiration

  of glucose.