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• Physical change: Change in state or appearance without forming a new

  substance (e.g., melting ice).

  Chemical change: Formation of one or more new substances with different

  properties (e.g., rusting iron).
• Melting ice


  A physical change where no new substance is formed, no chemical reaction occurs, and the process is reversible.
• Rusting iron


  A chemical change where a new substance is formed, a chemical reaction occurs, and the process is irreversible.
• Chemical Reaction


  A chemical change where the arrangement of particles (atoms, ions, or molecules) changes, resulting in the formation of new substances.
• Chemical Reaction: A process in which one or more substances are converted into new substances with different chemical properties.
• Atomic rearrangement


  Electron transfer, sharing, and ion formation lead to changes in electron configuration, resulting in new substances.
• Signs of chemical change: Colour change, temperature change, gas

  production, precipitate formation.