INORGANIC

• Group IA-Alkali Metals: 1. Hydrogen (H)2. Lithium (Li)3. Sodium (Na)4. Potassium (K)5. Rubidium (Rb)6. Caesium (Cs)7. Francium (Fr)
• Group IIA - Alkaline Earth metals:

  1. Beryllium (Be)2. Magnesium (Mg)3. Calcium (Ca)4. Strontium (Sr)5. Barium (Ba)6. Radium (Ra)
• Group IIB - Volatile Metal:

  1. Zinc (Zn) 2.Cadmium (Cd) 3. Mercury (Hg)
• Beryllium- Most toxic metal
• Magnesium-Component of chlorophyll and Grignards reagent (to form new carbon–carbon bonds)
• Magnesium- Natural Ca-channel blocker
• PTH-Controls Ca levels in the blood
• Radium-Radioactive element used for cancer radiotherapy & diagnostic purpose
• Zinc-Present in insulin and carbonic anhydrase
• Mercury-Treatment of syphilis
• MgO+TannicAcid+Activated Charcoal- Component of universal antidote
• Calcium gluconate-For Heart Failure
• Strontium chloride- Temperature desensitizing agent
• Barium sulfate- Radiopaque for GIT imaging
• Cadmium Sulfide- Anti-seborrheic
• Potassium Mercuric Iodide- Component of Mayer's reagent
• Zinc sulfate heptahydrate - White Lotion
• Zinc sulfide- White sulfide
• Cadmium sulfide- Yellow sulfide
• Mercury Iodide HgI- Treatment for syphilis
• Mercury(II) Iodide HgI2- Stimulant of indolent ulcers
• Democritus' Atomic Theory (460 BCE)


  A scientific model that proposes matter is composed of indivisible particles called atoms, and atoms are eternal, indestructible, and have physical properties
• Billiard Ball Model


  John Dalton's 1803 model that describes elements as small, indivisible particles (atoms)that cannot be created nor destroyed.
• HYDROGEN

  •Inflammable air

  • Lightest element
• HYDROGEN

  Isotopes:

  a.Protium- most abundant

  b.Deuterium- heavy hydrogen(D2O)

  c. Tritium- radioactive
• Hydrogen: Hardness of water

  • Temporary – Ca or Mg bicarbonates (removed by boiling/addition of OH source) • Permanent – sulfates, chlorides, or hydroxides of Ca or Mg
• Lithium-Earth • Lightest metal • Depressant and Diuretic

  • Side effect: hyponatremia
• 1. Lithium Bromide - Depressant
  2. Lithium Carbonate (Lithase®, Eskalith®)- drug of choice for mania
• Lithium Toxicity (LMNOP)

  Lithium Side effects

  • Movement (tremor)

  • Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (ADH antagonist polyuria)

  • Hypothyroidism

  • Pregnancy problems (teratogenic)
• IP3 – Inositol triphosphate (affected by Lithium)

  Mania:

  1. Distractability 2. Irresponsibility 3. Grandiosity 4. Flight of ideas 5. Increase in goal directed activity/ Psychomotoragitation 6. Decrease need for sleep 7. Talkativeness or pressured speech
• Sodium : Natrium

  • Primary extracellular fluidcation • Action: fluid retention
• Sodium acetate- Acetate of Soda

  • Diuretic, Urinary • Systemic acidifier • Antacid
• Sodium bicarbonate- •Soda Saleratus •Sal deVichy •Soda acid Carbonate
• Sodium bicarbonate- • Systemic antacid• Carbonating agent

  SE: Alkalosis, Rebound hyperacidity, Edema
• Sodium dihydrogen phosphate/biphosphate-Fleet Enema

  • Cathartic, Source of P or phosphate,

  • Urinary acidifier (+methenamine) (formaldehyde), NH3 urinary antiseptic
• Sodium bisulfite- •Leucogen •Sodium Hydrogen •Sulfite •Sodium Acid •Sulfate -Antioxidant
• Sodium carbonate- Washing Soda, Sal soda , Soda Ash Monohydrate Na carbonate • Antacid • Carbonatingagent
• Sodium chloride- Rock/Table /Solar salt

  • Electrolyte replenisher •Tonicity adjuster • Condiments

  • Preservative
• Sodium citrate- Alkalizer, Buffer, Diuretic, Expectorant

  • Shorten the coagulation time (parenterally)
• Sodium flouride- Anticariogenic (2%solution)