Strctre-functn relationship n cells, tissues, & organ system

• The nervous system is responsible for receiving information from the environment through sensory receptors.
• levels of organization of life - represent the hierarchical relationship among the Biological Structures that make up a living organism.
• • Cells - make up all living organisms.
• Tissues - are formed when cells with similar or related features and functions join together
• Tissues - a cell which perform essentially the same function that form groups
• Organs - are made up of different types of tissues that work together. They perform specific and specialized functions within the body.
• Organs - group of organized tissues that carry out some functions
• Organ systems - are made up of different organs that perform coordinated functions.
• Organism - a living thing that is made up of cells and has a structure and function.
• tissues - perform similar functions
•  organ is a group of tissues that make up a functional unit that is specialized to execute specific functions within the body.
• four major types of tissues found in multicellular animals: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
• Epithelial tissues are sheets of cells that cover the exterior surface of organs and structures in the body and line the internal cavities and passageways, and form specific glands.
• simple epithelia - single layer stratified epithelia - multiple layer
• Connective tissues - bind the cells and organs of the body together and protect, support, and integrate all parts of the body
• Connective tissue consist of extracellular matrix, living cells, and a non-living material called ground substance
• Connective tissues are made up primarily of fibroblasts, cells that produce the fibers found in nearly all connective tissues.
• The types of fibers found in connective tissue are elastic, collagen, or reticular fibers.
• • Elastic fibers can stretch up to 150% of its original length and return to its original size and shape. These fibers allow tissues to be flexible.
• • Collagen fibers provide the tissue strength and keep it from tearing or separating from the surrounding tissues.
• • Reticular fibers support the tissue and other organs to which it is attached.
• Some of the tissues also contain macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and leukocytes.
• Macrophages and neutrophils are types of white blood cells that enclose and kill Microorganisms, remove dead cells, and promote the action of other Immune System cells.
• Lymphocytes and leukocytes are types of immune system cells that are produced in the bone marrow and are found in blood and lymph tissue.
• Muscle tissues respond to stimulation and contract to provide movement. There are three major types of muscle tissues: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
• Neurons (or nerve cells) make up most of nervous tissue, and these receive and transmit electrical signals, enabling communication between different parts of the body.
• Glial cells do not transmit signals; rather, they support the activities of the neurons in various ways
• Nervous tissues are made up of neurons and glial cells
• types of glial cells : astrocytes & oligodendrocytes
• • Astrocytes, which regulate the chemical environment of the neuron.
• Oligodendrocytes, which bind together and insulate the neurons so that the nerve impulse is transmitted more efficiently
• Vascular Plants, plants with specialized tissues that transport water and nutrients.
• Vascular Plants have two major organ systems: root system & shoot system
• • The root system, - absorbs water and minerals from below the ground.
• • The shoot system - consists of the stems and leaves that absorb carbon dioxide and light from above the ground surface.
• the basic organs of vascular plants: ROOT, STEM & LEAVES Three major tissues make up these organs: dermal, vascular, and ground
• dermal tissue is a continuous layer of cells that serves as the plant’s protective covering.
• Vascular tissues transport substances throughout the plant and provide mechanical support. Vascular tissues also connect the root and shoot systems
• there are two major types of vascular tissue: xylem and phloem
• Phloem transports food (glucose) downward from the leaves to other parts of the plant.