Factors affecting EWT

Created by

lydia🇵🇱

Cards (8)

Johnson and Scott - anxiety 
1. Condition 1 'low anxiety' (conversation about equipment failure and man left holding a greasy pen)
2. Condition 2 'high anxiety' (heated exchange with broken glass and man left holding bloodied knife)
3. Dependent variable was whether or not they could recognise the man from 50 photos
Yuille and Cutshall - anxiety 
Natural experiment/independent groups design
Condition 1 self-reported being more stressed when witnessing a shooting in a failed armed robbery
Condition 2 self-reported as being less stressed
Dependent variable was how consistent they were with their original police records when interviewed again 4-5 months later
Leading questions- Loftus and Palmer
Lab experiments/independent groups
Exp 1: 45 Ps were shown a video of a car crash
IV-verb used in critical question "How fast were the cars going when they ___ into each other?
Findings: Smashed 41mph, collided 39mph, hit 34mph, contacted 32mph
Post-event discussion- Gabbert (2003) 
Lab experiment/independent groups
Ps watched a video of a girl returning a book
Condition 1-saw the video and saw a girl steal a wallet
Condition 2-saw the same video and saw a close-up of the book title
Then Ps in 1+2 met and discussed what they had seen in the video
DV-Whether they reported seeing something they could not have seen (wallet/book)
Johnson and Scott results
Ps in low anxiety had a 49% success rate
Ps in high anxiety had a 33% success rate (down to the weapon focus effect)
Yuille and Cutshalls results
Ps who were more stressed were 88% consistent
Ps who were less stressed were 75% consistent
Differences can be explained via the Yerkes-Dodson curve
evaluations of anxiety affecting EWT
☹️ Pickel - measuring surprise rather than anxiety
☹️ Bothwell - individual differences in anxiety
evaluations for misleading information affecting EWT
🙂 support from Loftus and Pickrell
☹️ contrasting evidence from Vredeveldt‘s theatre study