rock types

• Minerals are inorganic substances that are naturally occurring in the environment
• Characteristics of minerals


  • Naturally occurring
  • Chemically inorganic
  • Homogeneous solids
  • Have definite chemical composition
  • Have ordered internal structure or crystal structure
• Rock types


  Igneous<|>Sedimentary<|>Metamorphic
• Igneous rocks


  • Formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava
• Formation of igneous rocks

  1. Intrusive (formed inside the earth)

  2. Extrusive (formed on the Earth's surface)
• Magma


  Plutonic
• Lava


  Volcanic
• minerals


  are inorganic substances that are naturally occurring in the environment
• minerals


  naturally occurring, chemically inorganic homogeneous solids have definite chemical composition and ordered internal structure or crystalline structure
• igneous


  form from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava
• intrusive


  form inside the earth
• magma igneous rock


  plutonic
• extrusive


  formed on the Earth's surface
• lava igneous rock


  volcanic
• sedimentary


  formed from the accumulation and compaction of sediments
• clastic sedimentary rock


  forms when sediments are litified
• chemical sedimentary rock


  formed from mineral precipitation
• organic sedimentary rock


  made from the remains of living things
• metamorphic rock


  rocks that are changed due to extreme heat and or pressure
• foliated metamorphic rock


  has a layered or banded appearance due to its exposure to high temperature and pressure
• non-foliated metamorphic rock


  does not have a layered appearance
• contact metamorphism


  rock minerals and texture are changed mainly by heat due to contact with magma
• regional metamorphism


  rock minerals and texture are changed by heat and pressure over a wide area or region
• crust


  thinnest and outermost layer of the earth
• oxygen and silicon


  minerals that abundant in the crust
• continental crust


  very thick and located beneath land masses and under shallow seas
• continental crust composition


  composed of granite oxygen sodium silicon aluminum and potassium
• oceanic crust


  very thin and denser
• oceanic crust composition


  composed of iron magnesium and calcium
• continental crust


  composed of granite
• oceanic crust


  composed of basalt
• Lithosphere


  A brittle rock and rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust.
• Mantle


  largest or thickest layer of the earth
• Mantle composition


  silicon, oxygen, iron, and magnesium
• Asthenosphere


  The semi rigid part and soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats.
• convection current


  a current caused by the rising of heated fluid and sinking of cooled fluid
• conveyor belt for tectonic plates

  convection currents
• outer core


  A layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of Earth
• Mantle


  responsible for Earth's magnetic field
• inner core


  A dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of Earth