FINALS

• Viable Cell Count, Turbidity, Biomass Density


  measure of cell concentration
• Robert Koch


  Disproved the idea that tuberculosis was inherited, guided the research that led to the isolation of Vibrio cholera, and found the way of growing bacteria in pure culture
• Clostridium difficile


  Can proliferate and produce a toxin that causes diarrhea
• Syndrome


  Group of signs and symptoms associated with a disease
• Clonal expansion of effector cells


  Characteristic of adaptive immune response and not the innate immune response
• Analytical Epidemiology


  Analyze a disease to determine its probable cause
• Ergosterol


  Used by fungal cells as part of their cell membrane
• Stomach


  Body site that has a relatively low microbial load compared to others
• Defensin


  (+) charged peptides located primarily in the GI and lower respiratory tracts that creates holes in bacterial cell walls and hence disrupt the bacterial membrane
• IgA


  Frequently responsible for inhibition of bacteria on mucosal surfaces
• TLR 5


  Responsible for bacterial flagelin
• FALSE


  E. coli is a prominent member of the normal flora of the throat
• Secondary Infection


  Caused by opportunistic pathogen after primary infection has weakened
• Streptococcus mutans


  Common member of normal flora in the human mouth
• Opportunistic Pathogen


  Capable of causing disease when the host's resistance is impaired
• TRUE


  Toxins that initiate chemotaxis are not antiphagocytic factors
• Spontaneous Generation


  Microorganisms arose from nonliving things
• Autotrophs


  Cells that use photosynthetic energy to reduce carbon dioxide
• C. perfringens


  Capable of producing lecithinase and IgA1 protease
• Anaphylaxis


  Immediate hypersensitivity reaction following exposure to a sensitized individual to the appropriate antigen
• Phase Contrast Microscope


  Light waves passing through transparent objects
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis


  Considered to be pathogens
• Alexander Fleming


  Isolated penicillin from P. notatum
• Sporogenesis


  Environment is lacking or deficient of nutrients
• Transient Microbiota


  Present for a certain time period then disappear
• SEM Microscope


  The first electron microscope to be developed which used a beam of electrons projected from an electron gun
• Carolus Linnaeus


  Developed a general classification system for all living organisms
• Viroids


  Nucleic acids without a protein coating
• DIC Microscope


  Employ a polarizer to produce polarized light
• Pathogenesis


  Studies how disease develops
• Pathology


  Study of disease
• Thucydides


  Observed that people who had recovered from the plague could take care of plague victims without danger of getting the disease again
• Glycocalyx


  Extracellular polysaccharide material used by bacteria
• Macrophage


  Monocytes move from the systemic circulatory system into general connective tissues where they differentiated into this phagocytic cell type
• Nitrogen Fixation


  Property unique to prokaryotes, and relatively few bacteria are capable of breaking the nitrogen triple bond
• Ignaz Philipp Semelweiss


  He recognized a connection between autopsies and childbed fever and initiated the use of carbolic acids in bandages
• Stationary


  Slow loss of cells through death, which is balanced by the formation of new cells through growth and division
• Lactobacillus species


  Normal genital flora microorganism that greatly decreases in bacterial vaginosis
• Blood Type O


  Universal donor because the blood has no antigens
• Biomass Density


  Dry weight of a microbial culture after being washed with distilled water