T7 Musculoskeletal Trauma and Ortho Surgery

Created by

Leandro Valdez

Cards (71)

What kind of shoes should be worn for fall risk patients?
Functional, non-skin, hard-soled shoes.
What is a transverse fracture?
A fracture that is perpendicular to the long axis of the bone.
What is a spiral fracture?
A type of bone fracture characterized by a long, curved fracture line resembling a spiral.
What is a greenstick fracture?
An incomplete fracture with one side splintered and the other side bent.
What is an oblique fracture?
A fracture where the break is diagonal or slanted.
What is a comminuted fracture?
A comminuted fracture is a type of bone fracture where the bone is broken into more than 2 fragments.
What is a pathologic fracture?
Fracture caused by underlying disease.
What is a stress fracture?
A small crack in a bone caused by repetitive stress or overuse.
What are the stages of fracture healing?
Fracture hematoma
Granulation tissue
Callus formation
Ossification
Consolidation
Remodeling
What is it called when a fracture is realigned anatomically?
Reduction.
What is a closed reduction of a fracture?
Non-surgical realignment of broken bones.
What is traction for reduction of a fracture?
Pulling force applied to reduce a fracture.
Is skin traction long or short term?
Short-term (48 - 72 hours).
How is skin traction applied?
Onto the skin to reduce muscle spasms.
How heavy are skin traction weights?
5 - 10 pounds.
What is a common skin traction for femur fractures?
Buck's traction.
How are skeletal tractions applied?
Pins or wires are inserted into the bone.
Are skeletal tractions long or short term?
Long-term.
How heavy are skeletal traction weights?
5 - 45 pounds.
What are problems related to skeletal traction?
Infection of pin sites, risk for delayed union or nonunion.
What are complications of skin traction?
Pressure sores and prevention of skin breakdown.
What happens with balance suspension traction?
Requires correct patient positioning and alignment with constant traction forces.
How does balanced suspension traction work weight-wise?
Maintain countertraction typically with the patient's own body weight.
How long does it take for someone to bear weight on a cast after it was applied?
36 - 72 hours before weight bearing.
How do you apply a cast?
Cover affected part with stockinette and padding
Immerse plaster of Paris material in warm water, wrap and mold
How long does it take for a cast to set?
15 minutes.
Do you cover the cast during drying?
No, there is a risk for burn and delayed drying.
What should be known about casts in regards to direct pressure?
No direct pressure, petal edges.
What are the two most common materials for casts?
Plaster of Paris and fiberglass.
When is a body jacket brace used?
Immobilization and support for spinal injuries.
What is the area covered by a body jacket brace?
Nipple line to pubis.
What do you monitor for a body jacket brace?
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (cast syndrome), assess bowel sounds, assess respiratory status.
What do you do if someone has abdominal pain with pressure, nausea, and vomiting after having a body jacket brace?
Gastric decompression.
When is a long leg cast used over a short leg cast?
Fractures involving the knee or thigh, or if the ankle is unstable.
What is a cylinder cast used?
Knee injuries or fractures.
What is a Robert-Jones dressing?
Type of wrapping that temporarily limits mobility.
How should extremities be managed after a fracture or injury?
Elevate above the heart on pillows for 24 hours
Do not place in a dependent position
Observe for compartment syndrome
When is external fixation used?
Use for complex fractures with extensive soft tissue damage.
What is electrical bone growth stimulation used for?
Facilitate healing process by increasing calcium uptake and production of bone growth factors, increase collages synthesis, promote growth of new vessels.
What methods can electrical bone growth stimulation be administered?
Noninvasive, semiinvasive, and invasive (electrode placement).