Chemistry of life

• Organisms made of atoms combine to form molecules
• Inorganic- got only from the environment

  • Water
  • Minerals
  • Gases
• Mineral elements- 2 types

  Micro-needded in small amounts

  Macro-needed in large amounts
• Use of fertilizers in over utilized soils

  1. Nutrients from dead organisms transfer to soil
  2. Ploughing to encourage process
  3. Organic-manure
  4. Inorganic-phosphates+nitrates(high amounts cause eutrophication)
• Eutrophication:

  • nitrates+phosphates wash into river
  • Algae grows
  • Blocks sunlight
  • Plants don't can't photosynthesize
  • Decrease oxygen
  • Fish die
  • Further oxygen decrease
  • Eutrophication has occurred
• Water:

  • Body regulates water called Osmoregulation
  • Functions-lubricant saliva
  • Mucous
  • Digestive (nurtition)
• Organic compounds:

  Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

  Carbohydrates:(Carbon and Hydrogen)

  ●soluble sugars

  ●Made during photosynthesis
• • Monosaccharides
  • Glucose fructose galactose (single sugars , building blocks ) Bond: Glycosidic
• • Disaccharides
  • Sucrose Maltese lactose(double sugars , clear respiration to make energy) 2 monosaccharides produce 1 disaccharides starch Glucose in plants , glycogen Glucose in
• • Polysaccharides
  • Starch cellulose glycogen (complex molecule neither sweet nor soluble) starch and chitin- in insects. Cellulose adds roughage to
• Funtions:Carbohydrates

  Energy source

  Gives energy for cellular activities
• Fats and Oils: Lipids

  • Store energy
  • Lipids - 3 fatty acids joined onto glycerol backbone
  • Made C,H,O,P
  • Insoluble in water , soluble in chloroform
  • Emulsify: break into smaller droplets
  • 1 lipids= 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol molecule
• Saturated fats: solid at room temperature

  Unsaturated(oils): liquid at room temp
• Fatty acids can narrow inside of arteries , slowing blood flow . Heart disease known as Atherosclerosis
• • Functions(lipids):
  • Store energy
  • Waterproofing
  • Protection
  • Phospholipids